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7 wonders

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The building was named after the island. To keep the flame going, it took a large number of fuel. The tree was brought along a spiral ramp in carts pulled by horses or mules. Behind the flames were bronze plates that cast light into the sea. The lighthouse fell into disrepair. The bronze plates that served as mirrors were probably melted down into coins. In the 14th century, the lighthouse was destroyed by an earthquake. At the top of the tower stood a statue of Zeus the Savior. The total height of the lighthouse was 117 meters. In the 5th century BC. The citizens of Olympia decided to build a temple to Zeus. A few years later, the statue of Zeus was moved to Constantinople. - 7 Wonders.pptx

Wonders of the world

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Wonders of the world. The Pyramid of Cheops. The great Wall of China. Figures in the Nazca desert. Terracotta Army. Timbuktu. Leaning Tower of Pisa. Shwedagon. Peter. Temple at Abu Simbel. CN Tower. Tunnel under the English Channel. Teotihuacan. The island is a palm tree. Viaduct Millau. Trans-Siberian Railway. Part of miracles. Municipal educational institution. - Wonders of the world.ppt

7 Wonders of the World

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Seven wonders of the world. Plan. Temple of Artemis. hanging gardens Semiramis. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. The temple was burned to the ground. Several base blocks. The Colossus of Rhodes. A statue. archaeologists. Both sides of the mouth of the bay of Rhodes. Mausoleum in Halicarnassus. Ashes of the royal couple. Earthquake. Alexandrian lighthouse. The lighthouse consisted of three marble towers. The lighthouse was destroyed by an earthquake. Great Pyramid at Giza. Construction Great Pyramid. The top collapsed. Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Hanging gardens. Supposed ruins of gardens. Zeus statue in Olympia. Athenian sculptor Phidias. The Romans closed the Greek temples. - 7 wonders of the world.ppt

All the wonders of the world

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Wonders of the world. Colosseum (or Flavian Amphitheatre). Built in 72 AD. er. to spread the bloody sport of gladiators. There were two special exits in the Colosseum: the exit of life and the exit of death. Pardoned gladiators went out into one, and the dead were carried out through the other. The ancient Romans also loved the fights between female gladiators and male dwarfs. Water battles were especially popular when the arena was flooded with water. The Colosseum had 36 elevators operated manually by slaves. Each elevator is able to lift up to 10 slaves. Machu Picchu. a city of ancient America, located on the territory of modern Peru. - All Wonders of the World.pptx

Seven wonders of the world

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Seven wonders of the world. Pyramid of Khafre and Sphinx. Pyramids of Egypt. Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Hanging Gardens of Babylon, gardens in the palace of the Babylonian king. Seven wonders of the world of the world. Statue of Olympian Zeus. The famous statue of the king of gods and people. Seven wonders of the world of the world. Mausoleum in Halicarnassus. Tomb of King Mausolus of Caria. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. faros lighthouse. Alexandrian lighthouse. Seven wonders of the world of the world. The Colossus of Rhodes. A giant statue of Helios by the sculptor Hares. Prepared the presentation. - Seven wonders of the world of the world.pptx

Seven ancient wonders of the world

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Content. Journey through the cultural monuments of the peoples of the world. Seven wonders of the world. Description of the interface. Pyramids of Egypt. Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. Pyramids. The secret of the corridors. The Pyramid of Cheops. Alexandrian lighthouse. Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Mausoleum in Halicarnassus. Halicarnassus. Zeus statue in Olympia. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. The Colossus of Rhodes. Worked on the project. Western Greece. Map of ancient Alexandria. Hilt. Babylon. Lindos. Making a list. Pyramid of Khafre. The Mystery of the Sphinx. Helios. Hares. -

WONDERS OF THE WORLD

For centuries, people have compiled a variety of lists of wonders of the world.

1 Three miracles according to Herodotus

2 Seven wonders of the world of the ancient world

3 Modern seven wonders of the world

4 Man-made wonders of the world

5 Wonders of the Natural World

6 CNN's Seven Natural Wonders of the World

7 Wonders of the World from BBC

Purpose of the study

Do we know about our ancestors what they wanted to tell about themselves?

Research methods

Scientific literature

Surveys of children

Internet resources

• Learn the secret of our world through the messages of the ancestors
• Understand what they left us as a legacy
• Feel where and how our ancestors lived
• Find out how we keep the memory of them

Wonder of the World, 3rd century BC

1. Pyramid of Cheops (Gizeh, 2550 BC),

Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu) - the largest of Egyptian pyramids, the only one of the "Seven Wonders of the World" that has survived to this day.

It is assumed that the construction, which lasted twenty years, ended around 2560 BC. e.

] The architect of the Great Pyramid is Hemiun, the vizier and nephew of Cheops.

The pyramid is called "Akhet-Khufu" - "Horizon of Khufu" (or more precisely "Related to the sky - (this is) Khufu").

The Pyramid of Cheops

The original pyramid was made of white limestone.

The top of the pyramid was crowned with a gilded stone.

The cladding shone in the Sun with a peach color, as if “a shining miracle, to which the sun god Ra himself seemed to give all his rays.

In 1168 AD e. The Arabs sacked and burned Cairo. The inhabitants of Cairo removed the lining from the pyramid in order to build new houses.

Inside the pyramid of Cheops there are three burial chambers located one above the other.

There are ventilation ducts inside the pyramid.

It is believed that the people who built the pyramid had scientific data in the field of geometry, astronomy, physics.

Because the pyramid was built taking into account the number of pi, corridors and channels are built inside it, which show the direction to different parts of the world, indicate the position of the stars in the sky.

Also, near this pyramid, 7 pits were found, in which there were boats built of cedar without a single nail.

There is a lot of incomprehensible in this pyramid, because. there are many limestone dead ends, the pyramid itself is made of geopolymer concrete, the production of which was opened recently.

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Turkey 356 BC e.

According to legend, Artemis was the twin sister of Apollo.

Artemis took care of everything that lives on earth and grows in the forest and in the field. She took care of wild animals, herds of livestock, she caused the growth of grasses, flowers and trees. Artemis did not leave people with her attention either - she gave happiness in marriage and blessed the birth of children.

The temple was burned down by Herostratus, a resident of Ephesus. By decision of the rulers, his name was to be erased from history and from the memory of people.

Alexander the Great gave money for the construction of a new temple.

In 263, the sanctuary of Artemis was sacked by the Goths.

Over time, the temple sank into the mire of the swamp.

Now on the site of this temple there is one column.

Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey, mid-4th century BC e.

Mausoleum of Halicarnassus - - the tombstone of the Carian ruler Mausolus.

It began to be built during the life of Mausolus.

The mausoleum stood for 19 centuries. In the XIII century, it collapsed from a strong earthquake, and in 1522 the remains of the Mausoleum were dismantled by the knights for the construction of a fortress.

Colossus of Rhodes, Greece

The Colossus of Rhodes is a giant statue of the ancient Greek sun god Helios, which stood in the port city of Rhodes.

The statue stood for 65 years.

Twice the statue was destroyed by an earthquake. The sages said that if the people erected the statue again, the island of Rhodes would go under water.

The fragments of the Colossus lay on the ground for more than a thousand years, until they were finally sold by the Arabs. The Arabs loaded 900 camels. While this statue lay on the ground, people came and hugged it. Hugging Kolos's finger - there was not enough girth of the hands. This suggests that the statue was 60 meters high.

In November 2008, the intention to reconstruct the statue as a lighting installation was announced. It will be made 100 meters high. It will cost about 200 million euros.

Lighthouse of Alexandria (Alexandria, 3rd century BC).

The Lighthouse of Alexandria was built in the 3rd century BC. e. in the Egyptian city of Alexandria, so that the ships could safely pass the reefs on their way to the Alexandrian Bay. At night, they were helped in this by the reflection of flames, and during the day - by a column of smoke. The total height of the lighthouse is 120-140 meters, its light was visible at a distance of 60 km. It was the first lighthouse in the world, and it stood for almost a thousand years, but in 796 AD. e. was badly damaged by the earthquake. Subsequently, the Arabs who came to Egypt tried to restore it, and by the XIV century. the height of the lighthouse was about 30 m. At the end of the 15th century. Sultan Kait Bey erected a fortress on the site of the lighthouse, which still stands today.

The great Wall of China

About a million people took part in the construction.

The length of the wall with all branches is 8,851 kilometers and 800 meters.

The wall was supposed to clearly fix the boundaries of Chinese civilization.

Today, more than 40 km of the wall has already disappeared, and only 10 km are still in place, the height of the wall in some places has decreased from five to two meters.

The wall is gradually crumbling.

Colosseum, Ancient Rome

The Colosseum is an amphitheater built at the bottom of a pond. Gladiator fights, animal fights, theatrical performances and other entertainments took place here.

When wars began, the Colosseum served as a fortress.

Now this object is guarded, there are guided tours.

Recently, excavations have been made at the site of the Colosseum and basements inside the theater have been found, which once served to push groups of people and animals, trees and other decorations into the arena, and, possibly, to fill it with water and lift ships up.

Machu Picchu, South America, Peru

Machu Picchu is an ancient Inca city. The name translates as "city in the clouds". This city served as a winter shelter for the ruler of Pachacutec. There are no more than 200 structures in Machu Picchu. And up to 1200 people lived in it and around it, who worshiped the god of the Sun there. Why did the Incas leave this city? who doesn't know.

Hidden in the mountains, no one could find the city for a long time. For the world, the "Lost City" of the Incas was opened only in 1911 and today amazes tourists with the level of engineering.

It is believed that on the tops of these mountains, local priests followed the movement of the sun in winter, and on some days the sun seemed to cling to the tops of the mountains and illuminate the city. This was considered a good sign.

This is one of the most the most beautiful places on the planet. Built entirely of stone. The whole area is covered with very rich vegetation. The extraordinary beauty of the mountain landscape surrounding the complex is striking.

Taj Mahal Asia, Agra, India

The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum-mosque located in Agra, India.

The building began to be built around 1632 and completed in 1653, employing 20,000 artisans and craftsmen.

Inside the mausoleum there are two tombs - the shah and his wife.

The walls are lined with polished translucent marble.

Marble has such a feature that in bright daylight it looks white, pink at dawn, and silvery on a moonlit night.

According to an unconfirmed legend, a twin building made of black marble was supposed to be located on the other side of the river, but it was not completed. The gray marble bridge was supposed to connect these two buildings.

Statue of Christ the Redeemer South America

Statue of Christ with outstretched arms on top of Corcovado mountain in Rio de Janeiro. It is a symbol of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil in general. Made of reinforced concrete and soapstone.

The exact dimensions of the statue of Christ the Redeemer are: height - 38 meters, including the pedestal - 8 m; weight - 1145 tons; arm span - 30 meters.

Currently, the statue is visited by tourists.

Constantly being restored.

Amazon, Ecuador

Amazon - river South America, the world's largest in size. Length 7000 km.

Over a million different species of plants and animals live in a vast area, and this area, without exaggeration, can be called the world's genetic fund. Many of their species are not even described or identified.

Scientists claim that there are 1,500 species of flowers, 750 species of trees, 125 species of mammals, 400 species of birds, and countless insects and invertebrates per 10 km² of rainforest.

There are many animals living in the Amazonian jungle that can pose a serious danger to humans.

Anaconda snakes and poisonous shushuya and zhararak, as well as the "brown spider".

There are electric rays in the rivers that can generate an electric charge that can kill a person, piranhas that can make a serious wound with their bite and a condiru caner that can penetrate the urinary tract of humans and animals, and bring their victim to death, due to almost complete loss of blood.

There is also a freshwater dolphin.

Various species of tailless amphibians from the family of Arborets live on trees, the skin of which secretes a strong lipophilic poison - batrachotoxin.

In particular, some species of bats are natural reservoirs of the rabies virus, and mosquitoes are carriers of leishmaniasis.

Humid warm environment creates favorable conditions for the spread of malaria, tropical fever and other infectious diseases by their vectors. The screw insect lays eggs on wet clothes, in contact with human skin, digs into it and lays eggs.

There is a legend that the Amazons lived in these forests. Amazons - tribes in which there were only one woman. They took captive men, gave birth to children from them. If a girl was born, then she was left in the tribe, and if a boy, then he was sent to his father.

Komodo National Park Indonesia

Komodo National Park is located in the center of the Indonesian archipelago.

This national park founded in 1980.

Territory national park c includes three main islands: Komodo, Rinca and Padar.

The most famous animal in the park is the Komodo dragon.

Puerto Princesa Underground River Karst caves Philippines

The Puerto Princesa Underground River is an underground river near the Philippine city of Puerto Princesa, on about. Palawan (Philippines).

In the area of ​​​​its location, the National Park of the Underground River of the city of Puerto Princesa was created.

This river flows underground, in a cave.

Currently, 30 species of native mammals living in this park are described in the specialized literature.

Long-tailed macaque, bearded pig, snakes, monitor lizards, lizards live here. Amphibians are represented by 10 species. Philippine barburula, dugong, hawksbill sea turtle.

Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA

The Grand Canyon is one of deepest canyons in the world.

The width (at the level of the plateau) varies from 6 to 29 km, at the bottom level - less than a kilometer. Depth - up to 1600 m.

The Colorado River flows through the Canyon. Previously, the river flowed on the surface of the earth i.e. along the plain, but as a result of the movement of the earth's crust, the angle of the river's flow changed and the water began to erode the rocks. The Grand Canyon is still growing due to ongoing erosion.

Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia

The Great Barrier Reef is a ridge of coral reefs and islands in the Coral Sea, stretching along the northeast coast of Australia for 2500 km.

The modern history of its development lasts about 8000 years.

The vulnerability of coral reef ecosystems is due to the fact that coral growth requires special conditions. The water temperature should not be lower than 17.5 °C (ideal temperature is 22-27 °C). The water in which corals grow must have a certain salinity.

Butterfly fish, a blue-ringed octopus, whose poison kills a person, lives there.

More than 400 species of corals live here.

The Great Barrier Reef is home to about 1,500 species of marine fish.

The South Reef Islands are a breeding ground for sea turtles.

There is also a huge number of crustaceans: crabs, shrimps, lobsters and lobsters. Even a small reef provides shelter for about a hundred different species of shrimp and crabs. There are also many shellfish on the reef.

Paricutin Volcano Mexico

Paricutin is the youngest Mexican volcano.

The formation of a new volcano is a rare occurrence, and therefore the birth of Paricutin in the memory of the current generation has given volcanologists and geologists a rare opportunity to study this process in more detail.

For the first time, lava began to pour out of the volcano in July 1944. The volcano continued to operate until 1952.

Victoria Falls, South Africa

The waterfall is located on the Zambezi River in South Africa. The width of the waterfall is approximately 1800 meters, the height is 108 meters.

Scottish explorers who visited the falls in 1855 named it after Queen Victoria. Among the indigenous population of these places, the waterfall was known as "Thundering Smoke".

Victoria is the only waterfall in the world that is over 100 meters high and over a kilometer wide.

During the dry season, the waterfall is reduced to a few narrow streams, spray and fog are almost absent.

During the rainy season, more than 500 million liters of water per minute pass through the waterfall, due to the enormous force of the falling water, the spray rises hundreds of meters into the air.

This place is often visited by tourists, and near the waterfall is built Railway for tourists.

The waterfall is located on the territory of two national parks - "Thundering Smoke" and Victoria Falls. . To Thundering Smoke National Park South Africa two white rhinoceroses were introduced.

Nazca lines in Peru

The Nazca lines are a group of giant geometric and shaped geoglyphs on the Nazca plateau in southern Peru. Among the images presented are straight lines, triangles, spirals, a bird, a monkey, a spider and flowers. Since they reach several hundred meters in length, it is difficult to recognize from the ground. In our time, they were officially discovered during flights over the plateau in the first half of the 20th century.

In popular literature, one can find speculation that the strips in the Nazca desert are intended for landing alien spacecraft, because before the beginning of the 20th century, humanity was not capable of flying.

The soil under the lines is compacted, which, according to official version, is a consequence of the passage along the lines of a large number of people for ritual purposes.

It is quite, even likely, that the Nazca could have been observing astronomers, at least according to Dr. Phyllis Pitluga (astronomer at the Chicago Planetarium). After an intensive study of the relative positions of the stars in Nazca using computer methods, she came to the conclusion that the famous image of the spider was conceived as a diagram of a giant star cluster in the constellation of Orion, and the straight lines conjugated with this figure - like an arrow, the lines characterize the change in declination of three stars in Orion's Belt .

The lines themselves are applied to the surface in the form of furrows up to 135 centimeters wide and up to 40-50 centimeters deep.

to the world's largest Buddhist complex Borobudur in Indonesia

Borobudur (Indon. Borobudur) - Buddhist stupa and related temple complex traditions of Mahayana Buddhism.

The name can be translated Buddhist temple on the mountain".

Until now, scientists cannot determine the exact date and duration of the construction of this temple - they suggest that the temple was erected in the 7th-9th centuries.

The temple was built on a lake that was dried up by the ancestors. The building symbolizes the lotus - a sacred flower.

According to the researchers, the building can be seen as a huge book for pilgrims. As they make a ritual detour of each tier, pilgrims get acquainted with the life of the Buddha and with the elements of his teaching.

Statue of Liberty in USA

The Statue of Liberty (full name - Liberty Enlightening the World) is one of the most famous sculptures in the USA and in the world, often called "a symbol of New York and the USA", "a symbol of freedom and democracy”, “Lady Liberty”. This is a gift from French citizens for the centenary of the American Revolution.

From the day of its discovery, the statue served as a navigational landmark and was used as a lighthouse.

Visitors walk 356 steps to the crown.

There are 25 windows in the crown, which symbolize earthly gems and heavenly rays that illuminate the world. The seven rays on the crown of the statue symbolize the seven seas and seven continents.

The total weight of the concrete base is 27 thousand tons.

Imperial Forbidden City and Terracotta Army in China

The Terracotta Army is a burial site of at least 8,099 full-sized terracotta statues of Chinese warriors and their horses, discovered in 1974 near the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huang near the city of Xi'an.

In that forbidden city the emperor was buried, and an entire army was buried with him. Army of statues. However, it is known that there were burials of living people - the emperor's servants, burials of livestock and jewelry.

Meenakshi Temple in India

Meenakshi Temple is a Hindu temple in the city of Madurai.

Inside the temple is the sanctuary of the god Shiva-Sundareshvara and his sculptural image. On solemn religious days, the statue of God is put into a gilded carriage and taken out of the temple, harnessed to it by an elephant and make a procession around the temple.

The temple is 258 meters wide and 223 meters long. Height - 51.9 meters.

It is crowned with fourteen towers up to 50 meters high. Five towers are located inside the temple, the rest are outside. All of them are completely covered with many relatively small painted sculptures. These are the many-armed Shivas, the many-faced goddesses, priests and musicians, mythical animals, men and women. Many thousands of figures, none of them are alike.

Iranian Persepolis

Persepolis is an ancient Persian city that arose in the VI-V centuries. BC e.

Now the ruins of Persepolis are a huge palace complex with an area of ​​135,000 m² on a high platform.

Persepolis had running water and sewerage, and the labor of slaves was not used in its construction.

There are a lot of buildings inside the city that are historical heritage.

Libyan Leptis Magna

Leptis Magna, an abandoned ancient city in what is now Libya, is considered one of the best-preserved Roman cities to have survived to this day. Streets and porticos, trading forums and triumphal arches, temples and baths, almost the entire city in plan have been preserved here - it is surprising that all this has come down to our days. Excavations and research continue here, and every year new wonders are revealed to the eyes of archaeologists.

Greek Parthenon

Parthenon - the most famous monument antique architecture.

Currently, it is in a dilapidated state, restoration work is underway.

For many centuries, conquering warriors were fought on the site of the Parthenon, the Parthenon suffered destruction, it was repeatedly plundered. A lot of statues were taken out of the city, not to mention precious things.

• We did our research and found out what we don't know about the legacy we've inherited.
• However, most of the relics that have survived to this day are protected objects that are historical monuments.
• They are museums, nature reserves and are visited by tourists.

A person must protect his land, his world and himself for the future of his descendants.

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Pyramid of Cheops Hanging Gardens of the Seven Glad Statue of Zeus at Olympia Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Colossus of Rhodes Lighthouse of Alexandria 7 Wonders of the World

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Pyramid of Cheops Pyramid of Cheops - the second (after the Great Chinese wall) in size, a structure created by human hands. The Pyramid of Cheops is one of the most ancient wonders of the world, which has survived to this day. In Egypt, on the Giza plateau, the Cheops pyramid is one of the three most massive buildings. According to scientists, the construction of this funerary temple took about twenty years.

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Interestingly, for almost three thousand years, the Cheops pyramid remained the tallest building in the world. This title was taken from her. Cathedral in Lincoln, built in England in 1300.

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The Hanging Gardens of the Seven Rada The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are commonly called one of the seven Wonders of the World, which was supposedly located in Babylon and has not survived to this day. The architectural layout of the Hanging Gardens was a kind of pyramid, consisting, in turn, of four different platforms and tiers. All this was supported by massive columns, the height of which reached twenty-five meters.

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The first tier was made in the form of a quadrangle (irregular). All the plants that were planted in this garden were brought from the motherland of the queen - Mussels. The architects came up with a cunning system that prevented the seepage of water used to water the plants. First of all, a thick layer of reed was laid on the surface of each level, after which fertile soil was laid on the reed in a thick layer, where plants, flowers and shrubs were already planted.

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Statue of Zeus at Olympia Location Olympus (Athens). Built by an Athenian sculptor, one of the most famous of his time, Phidias. The statue was built in the temple of Zeus in his honor. According to the most conservative estimates, one gold used for decoration was worth about 8 million dollars.

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The statue of Zeus at Olympia was created by the Greek sculptor Phidias in 432 BC in what is now Greece. This place was not chosen by chance - it was in Olympia, in the temple of Zeus, that the Olympic Games were held annually. The statue is considered one of the seven wonders of the world, which is not surprising, because its history and scale are unique. It is about the history of construction that we will tell in more detail. 300 years after the start of the annual Olympic Games, extremely popular with the Greeks, it was decided to build a majestic temple in honor of the patron of Olympia, the god Zeus. As always in such cases, fundraising for the construction was started.

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Temple of Artemis in Ephesus Location Ephesus (Turkey). A huge temple built by the inhabitants of Ephesus in honor of Atemis (twin sister of Apollo). According to Artemis, she made the marriage happy and blessed the birth of children. The Temple of Artemis was 52 meters wide. 105 meters long and 18 meters high columns.

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There has long been confusion with the temple of Artemis of Ephesus, and therefore it is not entirely clear which of these temples to speak of: the last or the penultimate? From time immemorial, authors writing about this wonder of the world have inaccurately imagined what Herostrat burned and what Hersiphron built. Therefore, I think it is necessary to tell about two temples, two architects and one criminal. This story is dramatic, it is difficult to decide what triumphs here - evil or good. Ephesus was one of largest cities in Ionia, perhaps the most developed and richest region of the Greek world, enriched here by the culture of the East. It was from the cities of Asia Minor that bold sailors and colonists left, heading for the Black Sea and the African shores. The rich policies of Ionia cost a lot. In the ancient world, everyone knew about the temple of Hera at Samos, the temple of Apollo at Didyma, near Miletus, and the temple of Artemis at Ephesus.

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Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Location Halicarnassus. It was built in IV BC, it was a tombstone for the Carian ruler Mausolus. Mausoleum in Halicarnassus - a monument built over the tomb of the Carian king Mausolus. It dates back to the 4th century BC and is located on the territory of modern Turkey.

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Mausolus decided to build the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus before his death, on the advice of his wife Artemisia. The building was designed by the Greek architects Satir and Pytheas, and many of the best sculptors of the time were also invited. The mausoleum was located on a hilltop near Halicarnassus. In the courtyard there was a stone platform on which the grave was located. A stone staircase led to the top of the platform, with sculptures of lions on the sides, as well as statues of gods and goddesses.

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Colossus of Rhodes Location Rhodes (Greece). huge statue built in the city of Rhodes in honor of the ancient Greek god Helios (the god of the Sun). The height of the statue was 36 meters. It was located at the entrance to the harbor of Rhodes. According to legend, the island of Rodosvoznik in the middle of the endless sea by the will of the sun god Helios. Helios raised this island from the bottom of the sea and became its patron.

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Strabo called Rhodes the most great place of those he knew, and he knew almost the entire ancient world. The first mention of Rhodes we find in Homer's Iliad. He, listing the participants in the Trojan War, names Tlipomen, the son of Hercules, who brought nine ships from Rhodes near Troy. Zeno, author of The History of Rhodes, says that Rhodes existed in mythical times.

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Alexandrinsky lighthouse And the last "miracle" of 7 is the location of Alexandria (Egypt). The first lighthouse in the world, it helped ships navigate the reefs for almost a thousand years. Its height was about 30 meters. Macedonian selected the site for the founding of Egyptian Alexandria very carefully. He did not like the idea of ​​being located in the Nile Delta, and so the decision was made to set up the first construction sites 20 miles south, near the swampy Lake Mareotis.

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Alexandria was supposed to have two large harbors - one was intended for merchant ships coming from mediterranean sea, and the second - for ships sailing along the Nile. After the death of Alexander the Great in 332 BC. the city came under the rule of Ptolemy I Soter, the new ruler of Egypt. During this period, Alexandria developed into a prosperous trade port. In 290 BC. Ptolemy ordered the construction of a huge lighthouse on the island of Pharos, which would light the way for ships going to the harbor of the city at night and in bad weather. The Pharos Lighthouse has been illuminating the way for sailors for over 1500 years. But strong tremors in 365, 956 and 1303 A.D. the building was badly damaged, and the most powerful earthquake of 1326 finally destroyed one of the greatest architectural structures in the world.

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Plan

1. The Pyramid of Cheops
2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon
3. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
4. Zeus statue in Olympia
5. mausoleum in Halicarnassus
6. The Colossus of Rhodes
7. Alexandrian lighthouse

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The Pyramid of Cheops

The pyramid of Cheops was built in 2650 BC. The Pyramid of Cheops stands on the edge of the desert west of the Nile. It was built by Pharaoh Khufu. His name in Greek sounded: Cheops.

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• Initially, the pyramid was lined with white sandstone, harder than the main blocks. The top of the pyramid was crowned with a gilded stone - a pyramidion. The cladding shone peach in the sun. In 1168 AD e. The Arabs sacked and burned Cairo. The inhabitants of Cairo removed the lining from the pyramid in order to build new houses.
• There are no inscriptions or decorations inside the Cheops pyramid. And yet her visit leaves a lasting impression. The current entrance to the pyramid leads to a tunnel made by robbers, which is located 17 m from the surface of the earth. Inside the pyramid of Cheops are two burial chambers located one above the other. The Queen's Chamber and the Pharaoh's Chamber.

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Hanging Gardens of Babylon

• One of the seven wonders of the world is the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. They were on east coast river Euphrates.
• The cruel despot-ruler of Babylon Nebuchadnezzar built these gardens for his wife Semiramis.

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The gardens created by the builders of Babylon were four-tiered. The vaults of the tiers rested on columns twenty-five meters high. The platforms of the tiers, made of flat stone slabs, were covered with a layer of reeds, filled with asphalt and covered with lead leaves, so that water would not seep into the lower tier. On top of this, a layer of earth was poured, sufficient for large trees to grow here. The tiers, rising in ledges, were connected by wide gentle stairs lined with colored tiles. The Hanging Gardens were destroyed by the floods of the Euphrates.

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Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

This magnificent temple was built in honor of the Greek goddess of the hunt and wildlife Artemis. The temple was located in Ephesus. On the night of July 21, 356 BC. e., a man named Herostratus set fire to the temple. After the temple was restored in 550 BC. e .. the architect was Harsephron.

Slide 8

Zeus statue in Olympia

The statue of seated Zeus was built by the great Greek sculptor Phidias in the temple of Olympia. Zeus sat on a throne inlaid with ebony and precious stones. The finished statue reached 13 m in height and almost touched the ceiling of the temple. It seemed that if Zeus stood up, he would blow the roof off. After its completion in 435 BC. the statue for 800 years remained one of the greatest wonders of the world.

Slide 9

Around 40 AD Roman emperor Caligula wanted to move the statue to Rome. Workers were sent after her, but, according to legend, the statue burst into laughter and the workers fled. Then, in 391 AD, after the adoption of Christianity, the Romans banned the Olympic Games and closed the Greek temples. A few years later, the statue of Zeus was moved to Constantinople. In 462 AD the palace in which the statue stood was destroyed by fire.

Slide 10

mausoleum in Halicarnassus

Mausolus married his sister Artemisia. Gaining more and more power, he began to think about the tomb for himself and his queen. It must have been an extraordinary tomb. Mausolus dreamed of a majestic monument that would remind the world of his wealth and power long after his death.

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Mausolus died before the work on the tomb was completed, but his widow continued to oversee the construction until it was completed, around 350 BC. The tomb was called the Mausoleum, after the name of the king, and this word came to mean any imposing and majestic tomb.

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The Colossus of Rhodes

Only 56 years passed from the appearance to the destruction of the colossus of Rhodes. The idea to create it was born in the spring of 304 BC, when the inhabitants of a small island lying on the very coast of Asia Minor, standing on the walls tormented by a long siege, watched the ships of one of the heirs of the state of Alexander the Great, the son of the ruler of Western Asia and Syria, hide in the sea Demetrius Poliorcetes. This monument was located at the entrance to the Mediterranean harbor in Greece.

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Alexandrian lighthouse

In the III century BC. a lighthouse was built so that ships could safely pass the reefs on their way to the bay of Alexandria. It was the first lighthouse in the world, and it stood for 1500 years.

The lighthouse was built on small island Pharos in the Mediterranean, off the coast of Alexandria. This busy port was founded by Alexander the Great during his visit to Egypt. The building was named after the island. It must have taken 20 years to build and was completed around 280 BC.