Choose enclosed lifeboats. lifeboats

We are asked a question:
Mail.ru answers: - In fact, the number lifeboats on the Titanic complied with the standards of 1912. The number of boats was regulated by the tonnage of the vessel, and not by the number of passengers. The tonnage of the Titanic is 46,328 tons, passengers in the amount of 2225, crew 908. Boats 20 (16), designed for 1178, that is, the 1/2 rule from each side was taken into account. About rafts - 4 (2 teams managed to assemble) pieces, should have a capacity of up to 25% of the composition (the convention is now). Consider this on cruise ships, closer to the body

Ok, cho. Let's look at the tonnage of the silver mews of the Silver Sea company for example:
A cruise ship Silver Muse Silversea was built in 2017, belongs to the Silver Muse series of ships, has a length of 213 meters and a displacement of 40,700 tons. The ship can accommodate up to 691 passengers in 288 cabins. The number of service personnel is 408 people

The number of saved funds is silent, it is only said that there will be enough for everyone, etc.
Everywhere now they refer to 74g, let's go and look:
- International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS-74), chapter III "Life-saving appliances and appliances";

− International Life Saving Appliances Code (LSA Code);

−Rules for the Equipment of Sea Vessels of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, Part II "Life-Saving Appliances"; summarize

The number of lifeboats on board a vessel is determined by the navigation area, type, vessel and the number of people on board. Cargo ships of an unlimited navigation area are equipped with boats that provide the entire crew from each side (100% + 100% = 200%). Passenger ships are equipped with lifeboats with a capacity of 50% of passengers and crew on each side (50% + 50% = 100%). Rafts - also a collection of ship rescue equipment - should also be included in technical support and make up at least 10% of the tonnage and patients on board.
That is - "" whoever does not fit into the boat, is saved on rafts. the number of people on the raft is 2 times the nominal value. If the raft is for 20 people, it will pull 40. All the same SOLAS. This should please. Unless of course the ship is equipped with them

Spasplot

Its design must be such as to withstand the influence of the environment afloat for at least 30 days under any hydrometeorological conditions.

Rafts are made with a capacity of at least 6 and usually up to 25 people (rafts with a capacity of up to 150 people can be found on passenger ships).

The number of rafts is calculated in such a way that the total capacity of life rafts on each side is sufficient to accommodate 150% of the total number of people on board. hm Inflatable: The main elements of a life raft are: a buoyancy chamber (provides buoyancy for the raft); the bottom is a waterproof element that provides insulation from cold water; awning - a waterproof element that provides insulation of the under-tent space from heat and cold (on the awning - a device for collecting rainwater, a device for installing a radar reflector or SART, a battery with a signal light, etc.).
cylinders with non-toxic gas for inflation (1-3min), and not so simple
Supply:

2 floating oars; drainage means: floating scoop and 2 sponges; 2 floating anchors, one of which is permanently attached to the raft, and the second is a spare. Immediately after deploying a drop-type raft, the attached floating anchor deploys automatically.

Rafts, approximate supply: A special clumsy knife without a piercing part with a floating handle. The knife is located in a pocket on the outer side of the awning near the attachment point of the starting line to the raft. life ring with a floating line not less than 30 meters long; repair kit for sealing punctures: glue, plugs and clips; 3 can openers; scissors; hand pump or bellows for pumping the raft; canned drinking water at the rate of 1.5 liters per person; food ration at the rate of 10,000 kJ per person; first aid kit; seasickness tablets with a duration of action of at least 48 hours per person; one hygiene bag per person; fishing equipment; heat protective equipment in the amount of 10% of the estimated number of people, but not less than 2 units; instructions for saving life on life rafts.
List of SS supplies. 1 . Sufficient number of floating oars to ensure the movement of the boat in calm water. Each oar shall be provided with a kochet type oarlock, swivel oarlock or other equivalent device. Oarlocks must be fastened to the boat with pins or chains; 2. Two rebound hooks; 3. Floating scoop and two buckets; 4. Instructions for saving life;

5. A binnacle with a reliable compass, luminous or provided with an appropriate means of illumination. On fully enclosed lifeboats, the binnacle must be permanently installed at the helm station; in all other lifeboats, the binnacle must be fitted with suitable provisions for securing it; 6. A buoyant anchor of adequate size with a dreck that can withstand jerks and a niral that provides a firm grip when wet. The strength of the floating anchor, drektov and niral should be sufficient under any sea conditions; 7. Two secure painters with a length not less than twice the distance from the lifeboat's stowage to the waterline at the ship's lightest operational draft, or 15 m, whichever is greater. One painter attached to the release device required by regulation III/41.7.7 shall be located near the lifeboat's bow and the other shall be securely attached to or near the lifeboat's bow and be ready for use; 8. Two axes - one at each end of the lifeboat; 9. Sailing equipment with rigging and sails; 10 . Watertight receptacles containing a total quantity of fresh water at the rate of 3 liters per person of the number of persons permitted to be placed in the lifeboat, of which 1 liter per person may be replaced by a desalination machine capable of producing the same quantity of fresh water in 2 days; 11 . Stainless steel bucket; 12. Stainless steel graduated drinking vessel;

13. Food ration at the rate of at least 10,000 kJ for each person from the number of people allowed to be placed on a lifeboat; this food ration must be in airtight packaging and stored in a watertight container; 14. Four parachute rockets; 15. Six flares; 16 . Two floating smoke bombs; 17 . One waterproof electric flashlight suitable for Morse code signaling, with one spare set of batteries and one spare bulb in waterproof packaging; 18. One signaling mirror for daytime signaling with instructions for its use for signaling ships and aircraft; 19 . One copy of the table of rescue signals in waterproof design or in waterproof packaging; 20. One whistle or other equivalent sound signal;

21. A first aid kit in waterproof packaging that can be tightly closed again after use; 22. Six doses of seasickness medication and one hygiene pack per person; 23. Folding knife attached to the boat with a string; 24. Three can openers; 25 . Two floating life rings attached to a floating line at least 30 m long; 26 . Hand pump; 27. One set of fishing accessories;

28. A sufficient number of tools to make minor adjustments to the engine and related devices; 29. Portable fire extinguisher suitable for extinguishing burning oil; 30. A searchlight capable of providing effective illumination at night of a light-coloured object 18 m wide at a distance of 180 m for a total of 6 hours and operating continuously for at least 3 hours; 31. A set of flags for distress signals;

32. An effective radar reflector if the lifeboat does not have a radar transponder; 33. Set of emergency radio transmitters; 34. Thermal protective aids sufficient for 10% of the number of persons permitted to be placed on the lifeboat or two, whichever is greater; 35 . Wetsuits in the amount of three pieces; 36 . A set of threads and twine; 37. Tarpaulin for collecting rainwater.

Signaling means: radar beacon - transponder (SART); VHF portable radio station; 4 red parachute rockets; 6 red flares; 2 floating smoke bombs; electric waterproof flashlight; signal mirror (heliograph) and signal whistle; rescue signal table. Now there is a mes - a sea evacuation system - it can be installed by 1 person and accommodate all people .. all this is as much as you like o. +
There are storm ladders - for landing people in rescue equipment - mde

There was a post about Harmony, I just remember from the photos, so for example: Harmony of the Seas- 16-deck ship with a length of 362 meters and a weight of 120,000 tons, the cost of 1 lard dollars. The largest known cruise ship can accommodate up to 6,300 passengers and 2,100 members.

9 boats as we see (rescue boats) on each side * 2 = 18 pieces and the number, for example, with a light workload of 5400 passengers, excluding the crew. 5400/18= 300 people in the boat. where 300 where 400 - less-more. Will we get in? ..Shove it in! We have a good trip! Happy sailing!

General requirements for lifeboats

4.4.1 Construction of lifeboats

4.4.1.1 All lifeboats should be of proper construction and of such shape and proportion of main dimensions as to have sufficient sea stability and sufficient freeboard when they are loaded with their full complement of men and supplies. All lifeboats must be rigidly hulled and maintain positive stability in a straight position in still water when loaded with their full complement of persons and equipment and pierced at any one point below the waterline, assuming no loss of buoyant material has occurred and no other damage.

4.4.1.2 Each lifeboat should carry a statement, confirmed by the Administration, containing at least:

Manufacturer's name and address;

Boat model and serial number;

- month and year of manufacture;

The number of people approved to be placed in the boat; and

- information approved in accordance with subparagraph 1.2.2.9.

The organization conducting the survey of the lifeboat must issue a certificate of approval, which, in addition to the above information, indicates:

Approval number of the Boat Approval Administration;

The material from which the boat's hull is made, giving details of material compatibility issues in the event of a repair;

The total mass of a fully equipped and manned lifeboat;

The fact of approval, taking into account, respectively, paragraphs 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8 or 4.9.

4.4.1.3 All lifeboats should be of sufficient strength to:

1 they can be safely launched when loaded with their full complement of men and equipment; and

2 they could be launched and towed at the forward speed of the vessel at a speed of 5 knots in calm water.

4.4.1.4 Shells and rigid closures shall be non-flammable or non-combustible.

4.4.1.5 Seats for people should be equipped on transverse and longitudinal banks or fixed seats and be so designed as to withstand:

1 total static load equivalent to the mass of the approved number of persons to accommodate, weighing 100 kg each, in places in the lifeboat that meet the requirements of paragraph 4.4.2.2.2;

2 for a lifeboat intended to be hoisted, a load of 100 kg at any landing place when it is dropped into the water from a height of at least 3 m; and

3 for a lifeboat intended to be launched by free fall, a load of 100 kg at any landing place when it is dropped from a height at least 1.3 times greater than that approved on the certificate.

4.4.1.6 Every lifeboat, other than those designed to be launched by free fall, shall be of sufficient strength to withstand the load specified below without permanent deformation after removal:

1 for metal-hulled lifeboats, a load of 1.25 times the total mass of such lifeboat when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment; or

2 for other lifeboats, a load of 2 times the total mass of such lifeboat when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment.

4.4.1.7 Each lifeboat, other than those designed to be launched by free fall, when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment and equipped, where applicable, with skids or external rubbing rails, shall be of sufficient strength to withstand a blow against the side of the lifeboat's ship in direction perpendicular to the ship's side at a speed of at least 3.5 m/s, as well as dropping into the water from a height of at least 3 m.

4.4.1.8 The vertical distance between the flooring of the bottom and the inner surface of the closure or canopy extending over 50% of the area of the bottom should be:

1 not less than 1.3 m for lifeboats with a capacity of 9 people or less;

2 not less than 1.7 for lifeboats with a capacity of 24 persons or more;

3 not less than a distance calculated by linear interpolation between 1.3 and 1.7 m for lifeboats with a capacity of 9 to 24 persons.

4.4.2 Lifeboat capacity

4.4.2.1 Lifeboats with a capacity of more than 150 persons are not permitted.

4.4.2.2 The number of persons permitted to be placed in a lifeboat to be launched on a hoist should be the lesser of the following numbers:

1 the number of persons with an average mass of 75 kg who can sit in a normal position in lifejackets without interfering with the lifeboat's propulsion and any of its equipment; or

2 the number of seats that can be equipped on banks and seats in accordance with fig. 1. Seat areas may overlap as shown in the figure, provided there is sufficient legroom and footrests, and the vertical distance between the upper and lower seat is at least 350 mm.

4.4.2.3 Each seating position should be clearly marked in the lifeboat.

4.4.3 Access to lifeboats

4.4.3.1 Each lifeboat of a passenger ship shall be arranged and positioned in such a way that all persons assigned to the lifeboat can quickly board it. It should also be possible to quickly disembark people from the lifeboat.

4.4.3.2 Each lifeboat of a cargo ship shall be arranged and located in such a way that all people assigned to the lifeboat can board it within no more than 3 minutes from the moment the command to board is given. It should also be possible to quickly disembark people from the lifeboat.

4.4.3.3 Lifeboats should be provided with a boarding ladder that allows persons in the water to climb into the lifeboat and which can be used for any of its boarding entrances. The bottom step of this ladder shall be at least 0.4 m below the lifeboat's light waterline.

4.4.3.4 The lifeboat shall be designed so that helpless persons can be lifted on board the lifeboat both from the water and on a stretcher.

4.4.3.5 All surfaces on which people can walk should be non-slip.

4.4.4 Lifeboat buoyancy

All lifeboats must be self-floating or be equipped with seawater, oil or oil resistant buoyancy material sufficient to keep the lifeboat and all its equipment afloat when flooded and exposed to the sea. In addition, additional buoyancy must be provided in an amount sufficient to provide a buoyancy force of 280 N for each person allowed to be placed on the lifeboat. No buoyant material shall be placed outside the lifeboat's hull, except for material provided in excess of the quantity required above.

4.4.5 Freeboard and lifeboat stability

4.4.5.1 All lifeboats should be stable and have a positive metacentric height (GM) when loaded with 50% of the number of persons the lifeboat can accommodate, sitting in a normal position on one side of its centreline.

4.4.5.2 For the loading condition referred to in paragraph 4.4.5.1:

1 each lifeboat having openings for entry close to the fenders shall have a freeboard, measured from the waterline to the lowest opening through which flooding of the lifeboat may occur, equal to not less than 1.5% of the length of the lifeboat or 100 mm, whichever that more;

2 each lifeboat not provided with entry openings near the rudder shall not have an angle of heel greater than 20° and a freeboard, measured from the waterline to the lowest opening through which flooding of the lifeboat may occur.

lifeboats shall be at least 1.5% of the length of the lifeboat or 100 mm, whichever is greater.

4.4.6 Means of propulsion of the lifeboat

4.4.6.1 Each lifeboat shall be equipped with a compression ignition internal combustion engine. Engines running on fuels with a flash point of 43°C or lower (when tested in a closed cup) are not allowed.

4.4.6.2 The engine shall be equipped with either a manual starting device or a starting device driven by two independent rechargeable power sources. Any devices necessary for starting the engine must also be provided. Starting devices and appliances should be capable of starting the engine at an ambient temperature of -15°C within 2 minutes from the start of the start, unless the Administration, considering the specific voyages regularly made by the ship on which the lifeboat is installed, considers that the temperature should be different . The operation of the starting devices must not be obstructed by the engine cover, banks or other obstacles.

4.4.6.3 The engine shall be capable of running for at least 5 minutes from cold start when the lifeboat is out of the water.

4.4.6.4 The engine should be able to operate when the lifeboat is flooded along the axis of the crankshaft.

4.4.6.5 The propeller shafting shall be arranged so that the propeller can be disengaged from the engine. Provision should be made for the lifeboat to move forward and astern.

4.4.6.6 The exhaust pipe shall be so arranged as to prevent water from entering the engine during normal operation.

4.4.6.7 All lifeboats should be designed to ensure the safety of occupants in the water and to prevent damage to the propeller by floating debris.

4.4.6.8 The forward speed of a lifeboat in calm water when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment and when its engine-powered auxiliaries are in operation should be not less than 6 knots and not less than 2 knots when the liferaft is towing with a capacity of 25 people loaded with a full set of people and equipment, or its equivalent. Sufficient fuel, suitable for use in the temperatures expected in the area of operation of the vessel, shall be provided to enable the fully laden lifeboat to travel at 6 knots for at least 24 hours.

4.4.6.9 The lifeboat's engine, transmission and engine-related appliances shall be protected by a flame-retardant casing or other suitable means providing similar protection. At the same time, it must also protect people from accidentally touching hot or moving parts and protect the engine from bad weather and the effects of the sea. Adequate means shall be provided to reduce engine noise so that a loudly given command can be heard. Starter batteries shall be provided with shrouds forming a waterproof seal around the base and sides of the batteries. Battery casings should have a tight-fitting lid to provide adequate gas venting.

4.4.6.10 The lifeboat engine and related devices shall be designed to limit electromagnetic radiation so that the operation of the engine does not interfere with the radio equipment used on the lifeboat.

4.4.6.11 Means shall be provided for recharging all starter batteries, radio equipment and searchlight. Batteries of radio equipment must not be used as a source of energy to start the engine. A means shall be provided for recharging the batteries installed in the lifeboat or from the ship's electrical network with a voltage not exceeding 50 V *, disconnected from the place of embarkation into lifeboats or by means of a solar battery.

4.4.6.12 A water-resistant instruction manual for starting and operating the engine should be provided, which should be located in a clearly visible place near the engine start controls.

4.4.7 Lifeboat equipment

4.4.7.1 All lifeboats other than free-fall lifeboats should be equipped with at least one bleed valve, located near the lowest point of the hull, which should automatically open to drain the lifeboat when it is out of the water and close automatically , preventing water from entering the lifeboat while it is afloat. Each bleed valve shall be provided with a cap or plug to close it, which shall be attached to the lifeboat by a pole, chain or other appropriate means. Bleed valves must be easily accessible from inside the lifeboat and their location must be clearly marked.

4.4.7.2 All lifeboats should be provided with a rudder and tiller. If there is also a steering wheel or other means of remote control of the steering wheel, then in the event of failure of such a means, it shall be possible to control the steering wheel using the tiller. The rudder must be permanently attached to the lifeboat. The tiller shall be permanently mounted on or connected to the rudder stock, however, if the lifeboat is equipped with a remote rudder control, the tiller may be detachable and stored secured close to the rudder stock. The rudder and tiller shall be so arranged that they cannot be damaged by the operation of the release mechanism or the propeller.

4.4.7.3 From the outside around the lifeboat above the waterline and within reach of a person in the water, except for the area near the location of the rudder and propeller, a suitable handrail or a buoyant lifeline shall be secured with sags.

4.4.7.4 Lifeboats that are not self-recovering when capsized should be fitted with suitable handrails in the lower part of the hull to enable persons to hold on to the lifeboat. The attachment of these handrails to the lifeboat shall be such that, if they are torn away from the lifeboat by an impact of sufficient force, this will not result in damage to the lifeboat's hull.

4.4.7.5 All lifeboats should be fitted with a sufficient number of watertight boxes or compartments for the storage of small items of supplies, water and provisions required by paragraph 4.4.8. The lifeboat shall be provided with means to collect rainwater and, if required by the Administration, in addition a manual watermaker. The operation of the desalination plant should not depend either on solar energy or on chemical elements other than in sea water. Means must be provided for the storage of collected water.

4.4.7.6 Every lifeboat, other than free-falling lifeboats, intended to be launched on a single point or by hoists, shall be equipped with a release mechanism that meets the following requirements, subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 below:

1 the mechanism must be arranged so that all hooks are released simultaneously;

2 the mechanism shall be capable of disengaging the lifeboat from the hoists in the following two ways:

1 conventional, in which release occurs after the lifeboat is launched into the water or when there is no load on the hooks;

2 under load, at which release occurs when there is a load on the hooks. This method should ensure that the lifeboat is disengaged from the hoists under all loading conditions, from no load at all when the lifeboat is in the water, to a load of 1.1 times the total weight of the lifeboat when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment. This method must provide reliable protection against accidental or premature disconnection. In addition to the signal

hazard, appropriate protection should be provided, including a special mechanical device (lock), usually not required for release when the lifeboat is unloaded on the hooks of the hoists or afloat after launching. To prevent accidental release while the lifeboat is being raised, this mechanical device (lockout) should only operate when the release mechanism has been properly and fully returned to its original position. In order to avoid premature tripping under load, a deliberate and constant force must be applied by the operator to the release mechanism. The release mechanism must be designed so that the occupants of the lifeboat can clearly see when it is in its rest position and ready to be lifted. There should be clear operating instructions with appropriate wording of the warning;

3 the release mechanism controls must be clearly marked with a color that contrasts with the color of the surrounding objects;

4 structural elements of fastening the release mechanism to the lifeboat shall be designed with a factor of six times the tensile strength of the materials used, assuming that the mass of the lifeboat is evenly distributed between the hoists;

5 the use of a single-point suspension system for launching a lifeboat or rescue boat in combination with an appropriate painter does not require the application of paragraph 4.4.7.6.2. In this case, it is sufficient to release the lifeboat or rescue boat only when they are fully afloat.

4.4.7.7 Each lifeboat shall be equipped with a painter fastening device in the bow of the hull. This arrangement must be such that the lifeboat can be safely towed by the vessel at a speed of up to 5 knots in calm water without affecting its stability characteristics. With the exception of free-fall lifeboats, the painter attachment device must include a mechanism to release the painter from inside the lifeboat when the boat is towing at speeds up to 5 knots in calm water.

4.4.7.8 Each lifeboat equipped with permanently installed two-way radiotelephony VHF equipment with an antenna installed separately shall be equipped with devices for mounting and securely fastening the antenna in its working position.

4.4.7.9 Lifeboats intended to be launched on board a ship shall be fitted with skids and external fenders necessary to facilitate the launching of the lifeboat and prevent damage to it.

4.4.7.10 A light bulb with a manual switch shall be installed. The light must be white with a continuous duration of at least 12 hours and an intensity of at least 4.3 cd in all directions of the upper hemisphere. If the light is flashing, it must give at least 50 but not more than 70 flashes per minute for 12 hours of intensity equivalent to a constant light.

4.4.7.11 A light bulb or other source of light shall be installed inside the lifeboat to provide at least 12 hours of illumination sufficient to read life saving instructions and operating instructions. However, the use of kerosene lamps for these purposes should not be allowed.

4.4.7.12 Each lifeboat shall be so constructed that from the helm station there is sufficient visibility forward, stern and on both sides to ensure safe launching and manoeuvring.

4.4.8 Supply of lifeboats

All lifeboat furnishings required by this paragraph or anywhere in section 4.4 shall be lashed inside the lifeboat, stored in boxes or compartments, mounted on brackets or similar fasteners.

fixtures, or must be secured in another appropriate manner. However, if the lifeboat is lowered by hoists, the release hooks must not be secured so that they can be used to push the lifeboat away from the ship's side. Equipment must be secured in such a way that it does not interfere with abandonment operations. All lifeboat supplies should be, as far as possible, small and light in size, and they should be in a convenient and compact package. Except where otherwise specified, the normal equipment of each lifeboat shall include:

1 except for free-fall boats, a sufficient number of buoyant oars to keep the boat moving in still water. Each oar must be provided with a kochet type oarlock, a swivel oarlock or other equivalent device. Oarlocks must be fastened to the boat with pins or chains;

2 two rebate hooks;

3 floating scoop and two buckets;

4 instructions for saving life *;

5 luminous or appropriately illuminated compass. On fully enclosed lifeboats, the compass must be permanently installed in the helm station; in all other lifeboats, the compass must be in a binnacle if weather protection is required and must be fitted with appropriate attachments;

6 a buoyant anchor of sufficient size with a dreck capable of withstanding jerks, which provides a firm grip when wet. The strength of the floating anchor, drektov and niral, if provided, should be sufficient under all sea conditions;

* See Instructions for operations in lifeboats and rafts adopted by Organization resolution A.657(17).

7 two secure painters with a length not less than twice the distance from the lifeboat's berth to the waterline at the ship's lightest seagoing draft, or 15 m, whichever is greater. In free-fall lifeboats, both painters must be in the bow of the boat, ready for use. On all other lifeboats, both bow painters shall be ready for use, and one of them shall be fixed to the release device in accordance with paragraph 4.4.7.7, and the other shall be firmly attached to the stem or close to it;

8 two axes, one at each end of the lifeboat;

9 watertight receptacles containing a total quantity of fresh water at the rate of 3 liters for each person of the number of persons allowed to be placed on a lifeboat, of which 1 liter of this rate per person may be replaced by water obtained from a desalination plant capable of producing a total amount of fresh water of water for two days, or 2 liters of this amount per person can be replaced by water obtained from a manual watermaker, as described in paragraph 4.4.7.6, capable of producing a total amount of fresh water for two days;

10 stainless steel bucket;

11 stainless steel graduated drinking vessel;

12 the food ration described in paragraph 4.1.5.1.18, with a calorie content of not less than 10,000 kJ per person allowed to be placed on the lifeboat; this food ration should be in breathable packaging and stored in a waterproof container;

13 four parachute rockets complying with the requirements of section 3.1;

14 six hand flares complying with the requirements of section 3.2;

15 two buoyant smoke signals in accordance with the requirements of section 3.3;

16 one waterproof electric torch suitable for Morse code signaling, with one spare set of batteries and one spare bulb in waterproof packaging;

17 one daytime signal mirror with instructions for its use for signaling ships and aircraft;

18 one copy of the table of life-saving signals referred to in regulation V/16 of the Convention, waterproof or in waterproof packaging;

19 one whistle or other equivalent sound signal;

20 a first aid kit in waterproof packaging, which can be tightly closed again after opening;

21 seasickness medicines sufficient for at least 48 hours and one hygiene pack for each person;

22 folding knife attached to the boat with a string;

23 three can openers;

24 two floating life rings attached to a floating line not less than 30 m long;

25 hand pump of adequate capacity, if the boat is not of a self-draining type;

26 one set of fishing accessories;

27 a sufficient number of tools to make minor adjustments to the engine and related devices;

28 portable fire extinguisher of an approved type, suitable for fighting oil fires*;

* See the revised Manual for Marine Portable Fire Extinguishers adopted by the Organization by resolution A.602(15).

29 searchlight with a horizontal and vertical beam sector of at least 6° and a measured light intensity of 2500 cd, which is capable of continuously illuminating for at least 3 hours;

30 effective radar reflector if the lifeboat does not have a radar transponder;

31 thermal protective aids complying with the requirements of section 2.5 sufficient for 10% of the number of persons permitted on board the lifeboat or two, whichever is greater; and

32 for ships engaged on voyages of a nature and duration such that, in the opinion of the Administration, the items listed in paragraphs 4.4.8.12 and 4.4.8.26 are not necessary, the Administration may not require them.

4.4.9 Lifeboat markings

4.4.9.1 The number of persons in the lifeboat's approved capacity shall be clearly marked on the lifeboat in indelible ink.

4.4.9.2 The ship's name and port of registry shall be marked on each side of the ship in the bow in block letters of the Latin alphabet.

4.4.9.3 The means of identification - to which vessel the lifeboat belongs and its number - shall be marked in such a way that they are visible from above.

§ 122 Boat equipment and life-saving appliances of ships

The lifeboat device of a modern transport ship consists of lifeboats (rescue and workers), devices for storing boats in a stowed position in their regular places, devices for launching boats into the water and lifting them on board the ship and deck mechanisms (boat winches).

When arranging lifeboats, consideration should be given to the availability and possibility of a quick boarding of passengers and crew, the ease, speed and safety of launching the boats into the water under adverse conditions of heel and trim, and the safety of storage. The boats are positioned so that they do not interfere with the work of other boats. The decks on which the boats are placed must be lit.

Boats are stored on both sides on one of the highest decks in the middle of the vessel. Lifeboats should not be placed in the bow within 1/5 of the ship's length, as here they may be damaged or washed by the waves. When placing boats in the stern, they can fall under the propellers during the descent.

On tankers with a carrying capacity of more than 3000 tons, there must be at least four lifeboats: two on the stern superstructure and two in the middle of the vessel. On large-tonnage vessels, the arrangement of boats in two tiers, two under one pair of davits, is allowed.

In their regular places, the boats must be installed in such a way that, under any difficult conditions of the voyage, they remain motionless and are not damaged. They are placed on two or three roster blocks (keel blocks), which should have a simple design and be precisely fitted to the shape of the boat's contours. They fasten the boats in a stowed manner with the help of lashings that have a verb-hook for their quick return.

Davits of various designs are used for lifting and lowering boats into the water. The boat is suspended from the heads of two davits on hoists. The davits must ensure that the boat is quickly dumped overboard, lowered with full equipment and a set for people for which it is designed; launching boats from both sides of the vessel with a list of up to 15 °.

Davits are divided into three groups.

Rice. 173.

Swivel(ordinary) davits (Fig. 173) consist of curved steel beams rotating around their longitudinal axis.

Collapsing davits also paired, but their rotation is performed on a hinge at the heel. 1 this type of davits includes a sector davit (Fig. 174), in which a gear sector rolls along a gear rack fixed on the deck of the vessel due to the rotation of the handle of the screw rod passing through the threaded clip. The third group includes gravitational (sliding) davits(with rolling cart). There are several varieties of such davits.

Rice. 174.

One of the types is shown in Fig. 175. The boat is launched under the action of its own weight when the braking device of the boat winches is loosened. The advantage of this group of davits is that when using them, it is impossible to damage and wash away the boats, since they are stored above the highest deck of the vessel and far from the side.

Rice. 175.

The descent and recovery of the boat is carried out manually or with the help of boat winches. The boat is lowered to such a height that its keel is slightly above the level of the crest of the wave, and then smoothly but quickly lowered to the bottom of the wave. This eliminates the possibility of an incoming wave hitting the bottom of the boat. It is important to lay out the lower blocks of the boat hoists in a timely manner, which is greatly simplified if there is a device for the simultaneous laying out of the boat hoists. When the boat is launched into the water, a painter is first brought to the bow of the vessel, which is passed through the bow eye of the boat and fastened with a boat assembly for the second bank.

After laying out the boat hoists, the boat is held parallel to the side of the vessel at the required distance, while steering. In order not to damage the boat from hitting the side of the vessel, it is lowered from the lee side, reducing the speed of ds small. If the boat is lowered in heavy seas, it is recommended to release vegetable or mineral oil.

For this purpose, bags of oil are hung along the side of the vessel, which, seeping through the walls of the bag, spreads in a thin layer over the surface of the water and weakens the force of the wave.

When lifting the boat onto the vessel, two people must be in it. Fallin are served on board. Boat hoist falls are carried along the deck of the vessel through canifas blocks (when lifted manually). It is necessary to tear off the boats from the water at the moment it is on the crest of the largest wave. After separation from the water, the plugs are opened to remove water from the boat.

The life-saving equipment of a modern sea vessel includes boats, rafts, benches, circles, bibs, etc.

ship boats- the main life-saving equipment for passengers and crew. The boats are also used for communication with the shore, for the delivery of verps, for various work (outboard work, delivery of ends when setting on a barrel, etc.). For the latter purposes, work boats are usually used.

The buoyancy of the lifeboat and its ability to float must be such that the lifeboat does not sink under full load while being filled with water. The boat must have sufficient stability to carry a sail, not capsize in waves and allow people to move freely in it without a significant roll; be agile and have little drift when sailing; its contours should provide the least resistance to movement under sail and at oars; the height of the side of the boat should be such that it is possible to work with oars, but the wave should not overwhelm it. The hull of the boat must withstand the harsh conditions of sailing in waves with a full load, as well as possible shocks during operation or launching. The outer skin should not let water through and dry out during long-term storage on the ship.

The dimensions of the boat for a given number of people to be accommodated should be minimal so that it takes up as little space as possible on board the vessel. People should be comfortably placed in the boat, be able to sit on the banks without interfering with the controls (rowers and helmsman).

At present, the generally recognized best type of lifeboats, whaleboats, has been developed. These best designs are reflected in the rules of the Register of the USSR and GOSTs.

The ships of foreign navigation are supplied with life-saving appliances in accordance with the rules developed by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. The supply of lifeboats with rigging and food is carried out in accordance with GOST standards.

For each lifeboat, a senior person from navigators or qualified rowers is appointed by the ship's boat alarm schedule. A person who knows how to operate a motor is assigned to a motor boat, and a person who knows how to handle radio and searchlight installations is assigned to a boat equipped with a radiotelegraph installation and a searchlight.

Universal raft used in the closed position as a normal life raft. In the open position, the raft is used for painting overboard or dock work from it.

Inflatable life rafts are made for 6, .10 and 20 people for merchant ships of all types. This is a durable inflatable structure that protects against the action of waves, rain and sun. Rafts are stored on the deck in the form of compact packages. The time required to bring the raft to readiness, from the moment of dropping to the end of filling with carbon dioxide, is not more than 30 seconds.

life buoys and a bib and are made from lumpy cork or other equivalent material. The use of circles and bibs filled with cane, cork sawdust, crushed cork, with air chambers that require pre-filling with air, is prohibited. The lifebuoy must maintain 14.5 kg of ballast in fresh water for 24 hours. Lifebuoys must have fixed lifelines. One lifebuoy on each side must be equipped with a lifeline not less than 27.5 m long.

For all ships, the supply standards establish a minimum number of lifebuoys. Half of them, but not less than two, must have luminous buoys that automatically light up when the rug falls into the water.

Lifebuoys should be placed in such a way that they are easily accessible.

The life jacket must support 7.5 kg of iron in fresh water for 24 hours, and then an additional 15 minutes of the same kind of load weighing 8 kg.

The design of the bib should be such that it can be worn from any side. According to calculations, the bib should support the head of a person who is unconscious above the water.

Life vest It is made from materials resistant to oil and oil products. The lifejacket is filled with polystyrene foam with a specific gravity of 0.1 g/cm³.

The supporting force is about 11kg, the vest weighs 1.5-1.6kg. It is equipped with a whistle, an electric bulb with a battery powered by water.

It is forbidden to release ships to sea - in the absence or insufficient number of lifeboats, rafts, bibs and other life-saving equipment and a malfunction of the starting device.

On ships, there must be an emergency supply (NZ) - food products necessary to feed the personnel who left the ship for several days. For long-distance navigation vessels, NZ is calculated for five days, for coastal vessels - for three days. At the same time, it is recommended to place food products in wooden boxes of appropriate sizes with rope handles on the sides, based on the calculation of the capacity of each boat and the vessel's navigation area. The presence of boxes prepared in this way ensures the convenience of storing NS on ships.

Each person is supposed to have the following products for the day as part of the emergency supply: a) canned meat - 300 g or canned fish - 400 g, canned meat and vegetable - 500 g; b) oil - 50 g; c) crackers or biscuits - 500 g; d) sugar -5 0 g; e) tea - 1 g; f) salt - 5 g; g) vitamin preparations - 2 g. The composition of the emergency reserve also includes sweet condensed milk - 500 g for the entire three-day or five-day period.

In addition to food, the lifeboat must be provided with a supply of fresh water in anchors at the rate of 3 liters per person.

The emergency reserve is spent in case of a shipwreck, the need to provide assistance to a ship in distress, and if, due to unforeseen circumstances, the voyage continues longer than expected.

A lifeboat is a lifeboat capable of saving the lives of people in distress from the moment they leave the ship. It is this appointment that determines all the requirements for the design and supply of lifeboats.

Rice. Lifeboats of closed and open types

All lifeboats must:

Have good stability and buoyancy even when filled with water, high maneuverability;

Provide reliable self-healing on an even keel when capsizing;

Have a mechanical engine with remote control from the wheelhouse; be dyed orange.

The lifeboat must be equipped with a compression-ignition internal combustion engine:

The engine must run for at least 5 minutes from cold start when the boat is out of the water;

The speed of the boat in calm water with a full complement of people and equipment must be at least 6 knots;

The supply of fuel must be sufficient to run the engine at full speed for 24 hours.

If a ship has partially enclosed lifeboats, their davits shall be fitted with a hatchet with at least two life buoys attached to it.

The buoyancy of the boat is provided by air boxes - sealed compartments filled with air or foam, the volume of which is determined taking into account that the heads of the people sitting in the boat are above the surface of the water, even if the boat is completely flooded.

Information about the capacity of the boat, as well as its main dimensions are applied to its sides in the bow with indelible paint, the name of the vessel, the port of registry (in Latin letters) and the ship's number of the boat are also indicated there. The marking by which it is possible to establish the vessel to which the boat belongs, and its number must be visible from above.

Along the perimeter of the boat, under the fender and on the deck, strips of reflective material are glued. In the bow and stern parts, crosses made of reflective material are applied on the upper part of the closure.

Rice. Lifeboat markings

An electric light bulb is installed inside the boat. The battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours. A signal light with a manual switch is installed on the upper part of the closure, giving a constant or flashing (50-70 flashes per minute) white light. The battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours.

The lifeboats for oil tankers are of fire-retardant design, equipped with a spray system that provides passage through continuously burning oil for 8 minutes, and compressed air that ensures the safety of people and the operation of engines for 10 minutes. The hulls of the boats are made double, they must have high strength, the wheelhouse must provide all-round visibility, the portholes must be made of fire-resistant glass.

To ensure the use of the boat by unqualified people (for example, passengers), instructions for starting and operating the engine should be provided in a clearly visible place near the engine controls, and the controls should be appropriately marked.

Weekly all lifeboats and liferafts, rescue boats and launching appliances are visually inspected to ensure they are ready for use at all times. All lifeboats and rescue boats must run for at least 3 minutes. Lifeboats, with the exception of free-fall boats, must be moved out of their stowed positions. The results of the check are recorded in the ship's log.

Monthly all lifeboats, with the exception of free-fall boats, fall out of their stowed positions without people in the lifeboat. Supplies are checked to ensure they are complete and in good condition.

Each lifeboat, with the exception of free-fall boats, is launched and then maneuvers on the water with a control command painted on it at least once every 3 months.

Launching the boat. Boats launched by mechanical means are installed horizontally on both sides of the vessel. A davit is a device designed to store a boat, having beams that tilt overboard, used when lowering and raising the boat.

Rice. Lifeboat anchorage on board

In the stowed position, the boats are mounted on davits; for this, the latter have one-sided keel blocks on which the boat rests. For a tighter fit of the boat to the keel blocks, the latter are equipped with a felt cushion covered with canvas. The boat is secured with lashings with a verb-hook, which must be given before launching.

Before launching the boat, you must first:

Deliver to the boat the equipment and supplies necessary for survival after leaving the ship: a portable VHF radio station and a radar beacon, warm clothes, an additional supply of food and water, an additional supply of pyrotechnic signaling means;

Remove the railing of the landing deck; prepare a storm ladder; give lashings; give stopper davits.

The lifeboat must be equipped drain valve, which is installed at the bottom of the bottom of the boat for launching water. The valve opens automatically when the boat is out of the water and closes automatically when the boat is afloat. When preparing the boat for launching, the valve must be closed with a cap or plug.

The dumping of the boat occurs only under the action of gravity and is carried out with the help of boat hoists. Before the start of the descent, the stopper on the davits is released and the fall of the hoists is smoothly eased, for which the brake of the boat winch is gradually released. Uniform etching of the bow and stern hoists is achieved by the fact that both falls are fixed on the drum of one boat winch. After the davit reaches the limit position, the vertical descent of the boat into the water begins.

Lopari - steel cables attached to the boat at its ends and carried to the winch, designed to lower and raise the boat. Lopari should be periodically tired

In order to exclude the possibility of launching the boat until it is completely thrown overboard, there is a horn on the davit, on which the earring of the movable block of davits is hung. The length and shape of the horn is chosen in such a way that the movable block falls off it only at the lower limit position of the davit.

The launching of the boat on hoists can be controlled both from the deck of the vessel and from the boat. This allows, under favorable weather conditions, not to leave the descent support team on board.

Rice. Launching the lifeboat Fig. boat winch

After the boat is launched into the water, the lower blocks of the sloops are laid out. It is very important, especially in waves, to lay out both blocks at the same time. For this, the boats have folding hooks with a common drive. In this case, the simultaneous return of both hooks is carried out by turning the drive handle.

Landing of people is carried out by storm ladders. On the move and in the sea, the boats are usually lowered with people. In this case, people are boarded either in a boat mounted on keel blocks, or after the boat is lowered to the deck level, from which it is most convenient to land.

Rice. Boarding the crew and launching the boat

Each boat in the area of its installation has a landing ladder, the bowstrings of which are made of a manila cable with a thickness of at least 65 mm, and balusters are made of hardwood with a size of 480x115x25 mm. The upper end of the ladder must be fixed in its regular place (under the boat), and the ladder itself must be rolled up, always ready for use.

After the last person moves from the ship to the boat, the painters are released (in extreme cases, they are cut with axes located at the ends of the boat), and the boat moves away from the ship. It is recommended to save the fallini, because they may still be needed.

Boat supply. Each lifeboat must be equipped in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention SOLAS-74, including:

On rowing boats, one floating oar per rower plus two spare and one steering, on motor boats - four oars with oarlocks attached to the boat hull with pins (chains); two rebate hooks;

Floating anchor with a cable with a length equal to three lengths of the boat, and a guy attached to the top of the anchor cone; two painters with a length of at least 15 meters;

Two axes, one at each end of the boat for cutting painters when leaving the ship;

Food ration and supply of drinking water 3 liters for each; stainless ladle with shtert and stainless graduated vessel; fishing equipment;

Signal means: four red parachute rockets, six red flares, two smoke bombs, an electric flashlight with a Morse code signaling device in a waterproof design (with a set of spare batteries and a spare light bulb), one signal mirror - heliograph- with instructions for its use, a signal whistle or an equivalent signal device, tables of life-saving signals;

Floodlight capable of continuous operation for 3 hours;

First aid kit, 6 seasickness tablets and one hygiene bag per person;

Folding knife attached to the lifeboat with a mooring and three can openers;

Manual bilge pump, two buckets and scoop;

Fire extinguisher for extinguishing burning oil;

A set of spare parts and tools for the engine;

Radar reflector or SART;

Binnacle with compass;

Individual heat protective equipment in the amount of 10% of the passenger capacity of the boat (but not less than two).

Rice. Lifeboat inside

Free fall boats. The hull of the boat has a stronger structure and well-streamlined smooth lines that prevent a strong impact when the boat enters the water. Since overloads occur when hitting water, special chairs with shock-absorbing pads are installed in the boat.

Rice. free fall boat

Before the boat leaves the ramp, the crew must securely fasten themselves with seat belts and a special head restraint. Free fall boats guarantee the safety of people when falling from a height of up to 20 meters.

Free-fall boats are considered the most reliable life-saving equipment that ensures the evacuation of people from a sinking ship in all weather conditions.

Emergency lifeboat. This is a type of lifeboat designed to rescue people from the water (those who have fallen overboard or found at sea) and to collect lifeboats and rafts.

Rice. standby lifeboat

The advantage of a rescue boat is the speed and reliability of launching and recovering on board on the move with little roughness. A powerful stationary or outboard motor allows you to quickly examine the area where a person has fallen overboard, pick him up and deliver him to the ship. The rescue boat is capable of performing rescue operations in stormy conditions and with limited visibility. The rescue boats are in constant readiness. Preparation and descent of the boat are made in 5 minutes.

The boat has a place for transporting the rescued person in the supine position. Engine power provides a speed of at least 8 knots, and the fuel supply is enough for 3 hours of full speed. The propeller is protected to prevent injury to people at sea.

life rafts

A life raft is a raft capable of saving the lives of people in distress from the moment they leave the ship. Its design must be such as to withstand the influence of the environment afloat for at least 30 days under any hydrometeorological conditions.

Rice. PSN installation on board

Rafts are made with a capacity of at least 6 and usually up to 25 people (rafts with a capacity of up to 150 people can be found on passenger ships). The number of rafts is calculated in such a way that the total capacity of life rafts on each side is sufficient to accommodate 150% of the total number of people on board.

On ships where the distance from the bow or stern to the nearest raft exceeds 100 m, an additional raft must be installed. At least 2 vests and 2 wetsuits must be stored nearby, and there must also be landing aids on each side (boarding ladders on high-sided ships, life-saving pendants with musings on low-sided ships).

The total mass of the liferaft, its container and equipment must not exceed 185 kg, unless the liferaft is intended to be launched by an approved launching device or it is not required to be carried from side to side.

According to the method of delivery to the water, life rafts are divided into those launched by mechanical means (using rafts) and dumped. Launchable rafts are installed mainly on passenger ships, since they are boarded at deck level, which is a great advantage in rescuing passengers who may find themselves in a wide variety of physical and mental conditions.

Due to their compactness, inflatable rafts (PSN - inflatable life raft) have received the main distribution.

The main elements of a life raft are:

Buoyancy chamber (provides buoyancy for the raft);

The bottom is a waterproof element that provides insulation from cold water;

An awning is a waterproof element that provides insulation of the under-tent space from heat and cold.

Rice. inflatable life raft

The buoyancy chamber of an inflatable raft consists of at least two independent compartments, so that if one compartment is damaged, the remaining compartments can provide a positive freeboard and keep the regular number of people and supplies afloat. Usually, the compartments are arranged in rings one above the other, which allows not only to provide sufficient buoyancy, but also to save the area for accommodating people if one compartment is damaged.

To ensure the possibility of maintaining the working pressure in the compartments, valves are installed for manual pumping with a pump or bellows.

The task of thermal insulation of the under-tent space is usually solved by installing an awning consisting of two layers of waterproof material with an air gap. The outer color of the tent is orange. To install an awning in inflatable rafts, arch-type supports are made, which automatically inflate together with the buoyancy chamber. The height of the awning is made such that a person can be in a sitting position in any part of the tent space.

The tent should have:

At least one viewing window;

Rainwater collection device;

A device for mounting a radar reflector or SART;

Stripes in white reflective material.

A signal light is installed on the top of the awning, which automatically turns on when the awning is opened. The battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours.

An internal light source with a manual switch is installed inside the raft, capable of continuous operation for at least 12 hours.

A lifeline is attached to the outer perimeter of the buoyancy chamber of the raft, helping to get to the entrance. A lifeline is also installed along the inner perimeter to help people stay in place during a storm.

Entrances to life rafts are equipped with special devices that help people climb out of the water into the raft. At least one of the water level entrances must have a landing pad. Entrances that are not equipped with a landing platform must have boarding ladders, the lower step of which is at least 0.4 meters below the waterline.

Pockets filled with water are installed on the bottom of the inflatable raft around the perimeter. They are hanging down bags with holes in the upper part. The holes are made large enough that within 25 seconds after the raft is in the open state on the water, the pockets are filled to at least 60%.

Pockets perform two functions:

Provide stability, which is especially important during a storm, when the open raft is on the water without people;

The open raft has a very large surface windage compared to the submerged part, which leads to strong wind drift. Water-filled pockets significantly reduce the wind drift of the raft. To inflate the raft, a non-toxic gas bottle is attached to its bottom, closed with a special start valve, which opens when the starting line attached to it is pulled. When the start valve is opened, the gas fills the compartments within 1 to 3 minutes.

The launch line has a dual purpose:

Used to open the valve on a gas cylinder;

Used to keep the raft on the water at the side of the ship.

The length of the starting line is at least 15 meters.

PSN installation. On the vessel, the PSN (inflatable life raft) is stored in a plastic container consisting of two halves, hermetically connected and fastened with bandage tapes.

The strength of the tapes, or links connecting the ends of the tape, is calculated for rupture from the internal gas pressure when the raft is inflated.

The container with the raft is mounted on a special frame, pressed to it by lashings, brought to the recoil device.

Rice. Scheme of fastening PSN to the vessel: 1 - lashings; 2 - verb-gak; 3 - starting line; 4 - hydrostat; 5 - weak link; 6 - bandage tape

The launching device of life rafts must ensure safe launching of the raft with a full set of people and equipment with a list of up to 20 ° on any side and a trim of up to 10 °.

The raft installation provides for two ways of releasing from the lashings manual and automatic.

For manual release raft from lashings, it is enough to drop the fixing link from the verb-hook. There are devices in which the lashings are released by turning a special handle, as a result, the pins holding the root ends of the lashings are pulled out. Such a device is used when several rafts are placed on the same frame one after the other. This design provides for both successive release of rafts, and the release of all rafts by turning one handle.

For automatic release raft when the vessel is submerged under water in the uncoupling device turns on hydrostat - a device that releases lashings at a depth of not more than 4 meters.

According to the principle of operation, hydrostats are of the uncoupling type and the cutting type.

AT cutting type hydrostat in the initial state, the spring-loaded knife is held by a locking pin fixed to the spring-loaded membrane. The space above the membrane is hermetically sealed, so when immersed in water, the pressure begins to rise only under the membrane. The stiffness of the spring holding the membrane is calculated so that at a depth of up to 4 meters, external pressure will press the membrane and release the knife. The compressed spring of the knife, after being released, straightens sharply, and the rope loop holding the lashings is cut with a blow of the knife.


Rice. Cutting type hydrostat

Disconnect type hydrostat. The housings of the decoupling type hydrostats are quite diverse, but they all use the mechanical principle of disconnection when a predetermined pressure on the sensing element is reached. The body of this hydrostat is divided by a membrane into two chambers, one of which is sealed, and the second can receive water when immersed.

Rice. Disconnect type hydrostat

The detachable head, to which the lashings are attached, is held from the inside by a locking device mechanically connected to the membrane.

The stiffness of the spring holding the membrane is designed to release the detachable head of the hydrostat under water pressure, which will lead to the release of the raft from the lashings.

When the ship is immersed, the container with the PSN floats up, while the launch line is pulled out of the container. The launch line is connected to the vessel through weak link. The breaking strength of the weak link is sufficient to pull the launch line out of the container and open the launch valve. With further tension, the weak link breaks and the raft is released from attachment to the ship's side.

There are designs where the weak link is part of the root end of the starting line itself. The strength of the weak link is small enough to keep the raft against the side in strong winds and waves. Therefore, when manually recoiling, the first thing to do before lashing out is to select a small section of the launch line from the container and securely tie it above the weak link to the structure of the vessel (isolate the weak link). If you do not tie the launch line in the area of normal strength, then the raft will be torn off and carried away.

A weak link is visually easy to distinguish: it can be a thinner insert in the starting line or an incision in the line.

Descent of PSN into the water. Boarding in a life raft is carried out after it opens on the water, which makes the landing procedure more complicated, but it is easier and more reliable in stormy conditions.

The strength of the dropped raft must be sufficient to withstand being dropped in a container from a height of at least 18 meters and to withstand repeated jumps of people onto it from a height of at least 4.5 meters.

Brief instructions for getting the raft operational and boarding are affixed to the raft's container and near the installation site.

The procedure for launching the PSN on the water and landing in it provides for the following actions:

Free the knights;

Push the raft overboard. For a high-sided vessel, it is not recommended to drop the raft when heeling over 15 ° from the side that has left the water. Jumping to the water without touching the board is unlikely in this case, and slipping on the board that has come out of the water, overgrown with shells, can lead to serious injuries;

Pull the launch line out of the container and pull hard;

Pull the opened raft to the side and fix the line. If the raft has opened upside down, then there are special straps on the bottom of the raft, holding which with your hands and resting your feet on the edge of the bottom, you can turn the raft to its normal position. Since the raft has a large windage, before turning it over, it must be turned so as to be on the leeward side. In this case, the wind will help turn the raft over;

Move into the raft, trying to get into it dry:

You can jump onto a raft from a height of up to 4.5 meters, if you are sure that there are no people in it;

You can go down the ladder;

You can go down the rescue pendant with musings;

It is possible to jump into the water next to the raft and then climb into the raft;

Help other survivors to climb into the raft (use a life ring with a line from the raft's emergency supply).

After all the escaping are on a raft or in the water, but holding on to the lifeline of the raft, it is necessary to move away from the sinking ship to a safe distance, for which you need:

Cut off the launch line. The knife is in a pocket on the canopy of the raft at the place where the line is attached;

Select floating anchor;

Pull up water pockets;

Use emergency oars.

Rice. In a life raft and on the water

Water pockets create significant resistance to movement. To the bottom of each pocket is attached a pole, fixed by the upper part in the area of the nearest entrance to the raft. It is necessary to pull the pin, squeeze water out of the pocket, press the pocket to the bottom and fix the pin in this state.

Being in close proximity to the vessel is dangerous for the following reasons:

The formation of a funnel when the ship is submerged under water;

Possibility of explosion in case of fire;

Emergence from a sinking ship of large floating objects;

Possibility of boarding the ship.

After moving to a safe distance, all rescue equipment must unite and be held at the place of the shipwreck. Consolidation of rescue equipment allows:

Evenly distribute people, water, food, etc.;

More rational use of signaling means;

It is more rational to allocate human resources for the performance of work (watchkeeping, fishing, etc.).

The organization of the search and rescue operation will be started from the coordinates of the place of the shipwreck, therefore, in order to reduce wind drift, it is necessary to place floating anchors and lower water pockets.

Maritime site Russia no

Collective ship life-saving appliances are means that can be used by a group of people and must provide reliable and safe rescue when the ship is listing up to 20 ° on any side and trim 10 °.

The boarding of people in life-saving appliances and the launching of the latter in calm conditions should not exceed in time:

10 minutes - for cargo ships;

30 minutes - for passenger and fishing vessels.

Lifeboats and liferafts should normally be stowed on the same deck, with liferafts allowed one deck above or below the deck on which the lifeboats are installed.

A lifeboat is a lifeboat capable of saving the lives of people in distress from the moment they leave the ship.

It is this appointment that determines all the requirements for the design and supply of lifeboats.

All lifeboats must:

have good stability and buoyancy even when filled with water, high maneuverability;

ensure reliable self-healing on an even keel when capsizing;

have a mechanical engine with remote control from the wheelhouse;

be dyed orange.

The lifeboat must be equipped with a compression-ignition internal combustion engine:

the engine must run for at least 5 minutes from cold start when the boat

is out of the water;

the speed of the boat in calm water with a full complement of people and equipment must be at least 6 knots; the fuel supply must be sufficient to run the engine at full speed for 24 hours.

If a ship has partially enclosed lifeboats, their davits shall be fitted with a hatchet with at least two life buoys attached to it.

The buoyancy reserve of the boat is provided by air boxes - sealed compartments filled with air or foam, the volume of which is determined taking into account that the heads of the people sitting in the boat are above the surface of the water, even if the boat is completely flooded.

The battery charge ensures operation for at least 12 hours.

The lifeboats for oil tankers are of fire-retardant design, equipped with a spray system that provides passage through continuously burning oil for 8 minutes, and compressed air that ensures the safety of people and the operation of engines for 10 minutes.
The hulls of the boats are made double, they must have high strength, the deckhouse must provide all-round visibility, portholes made of fire-resistant glass.

Every week all lifeboats and liferafts, rescue boats and launching appliances are visually inspected to ensure they are always ready for use.
All lifeboats and rescue boats must run for at least 3 minutes. Lifeboats, with the exception of free-fall boats, must be moved out of their stowed positions. The results of the check are recorded in the ship's log.

Every month, all lifeboats, with the exception of free-fall boats, fall out of their stowage positions without people in the lifeboat. Supplies are checked to ensure they are complete and in good condition.

Each lifeboat, with the exception of free-fall boats, is launched and then maneuvers on the water with a control command painted on it at least once every 3 months.

Boats launched by mechanical means are installed horizontally on both sides of the vessel. A davit is a device designed to store a boat, having beams that tilt overboard, used when lowering and raising the boat.

Before launching the boat, you must first:

deliver to the boat the equipment and supplies necessary for survival after leaving the ship:

a portable VHF radio and radar beacon, warm clothes, an additional supply of food and water, an additional supply of pyrotechnic signaling equipment;

remove the railing of the landing deck;

prepare a storm ladder;

give lashings;

give stopper davits.

The lifeboat must be equipped with a drain valve, which is installed at the bottom of the bottom of the lifeboat to drain water. The valve opens automatically when the boat is out of the water and closes automatically when the boat is afloat. When preparing the boat for launching, the valve must be closed with a cap or plug.
The dumping of the boat occurs only under the action of gravity and is carried out with the help of boat hoists. Before the start of the descent, the stopper on the davits is released and the fall of the hoists is smoothly eased, for which the brake of the boat winch is gradually released. Uniform etching of the bow and stern hoists is achieved by the fact that both falls are fixed on the drum of one boat winch. After the davit reaches the limit position, the vertical descent of the boat into the water begins.

Lapps are steel cables attached to the boat at its extremities and carried to the winch, designed to lower and raise the boat. Lopari should be periodically tired.

In order to exclude the possibility of launching the boat until it is completely thrown overboard, there is a horn on the davit, on which the earring of the movable block of davits is hung.
The length and shape of the horn is chosen in such a way that the movable block falls off it only at the lower limit position of the davit.

The launching of the boat on hoists can be controlled both from the deck of the vessel and from the boat. This makes it possible, under favorable weather conditions, not to leave the descent support team on board. After the boat is launched into the water, the lower blocks of the sloops are laid out.
It is very important, especially in waves, to lay out both blocks at the same time. For this, the boats have folding hooks with a common drive. In this case, the simultaneous return of both hooks is carried out by turning the drive handle.

1 - davit; 2 - Lapp; 3 - sloops; 4 - painter.

Landing of people is carried out on storm ladders

On the move and in the sea, the boats are usually lowered with people. In this case, people are boarded either in a boat mounted on keel blocks, or after the boat is lowered to the deck level, from which it is most convenient to land.

Each boat in the area of its installation has a landing ladder, the strings of which are made of a manila cable with a thickness of at least 65 mm, and the balusters are made of hardwood with a size of 480x115x25 mm.

The upper end of the ladder must be fixed in its regular place (under the boat), and the ladder itself must be rolled up, always ready for use.

After the last person moves from the ship to the boat, the painters are released (in extreme cases, they are cut with axes located at the ends of the boat), and the boat moves away from the ship. It is recommended to keep the fallini, because. they may still be needed.

Boat supply

Each lifeboat must be equipped in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention SOLAS-74, including:

on rowing boats, one floating oar per rower plus two spare and one helmsman, on motor boats - four oars with oarlocks attached to the boat hull with pins (chains);

two rebate hooks;

floating anchor with a cable length equal to three lengths of the boat, and a guy attached to the top of the anchor cone;

two painters with a length of at least 15 meters;

two axes, one at each end of the boat for cutting painters when leaving the ship;

food ration and supply of drinking water 3 liters for each;

stainless ladle with shtert and stainless graduated vessel;

fishing equipment.

Signal means:

four red parachute rockets, six red flares, two smoke bombs,

electric flashlight with Morse code signaling device in waterproof design (with a set of spare batteries and a spare bulb),

one signal mirror,

Heliograph - with instructions for its use, signal whistle or equivalent signal device, tables of rescue signals;

floodlight capable of continuous operation for 3 hours;

first aid kit, 6 seasickness tablets and one hygiene bag per person;

a folding knife attached to the lifeboat with a pin and three can openers;

hand drain pump, two buckets and scoop;

fire extinguisher for extinguishing burning oil;

a set of spare parts and tools for the engine;

radar reflector or SART;

binnacle with compass;

individual heat protective equipment in the amount of 10% of the passenger capacity of the boat (but not less than two).

Free fall boats

The hull of the boat has a stronger structure and well-streamlined smooth lines that prevent a strong impact when the boat enters the water. Since overloads occur when hitting water, special chairs with shock-absorbing pads are installed in the boat.

Free-fall boats are considered the most reliable life-saving equipment that ensures the evacuation of people from a sinking ship in all weather conditions.

This is a type of lifeboat designed to rescue people from the water (those who have fallen overboard or found at sea) and to collect lifeboats and rafts.

The advantage of a rescue boat is the speed and reliability of launching and recovering on board on the move in light seas. A powerful stationary or outboard motor allows you to quickly examine the area where a person has fallen overboard, pick him up and deliver him to the ship.

The rescue boat is capable of performing rescue operations in stormy conditions and with limited visibility. The rescue boats are in constant readiness. Preparation and descent of the boat are made in 5 minutes.