The top-ranked Boeing 737 crashed last August in Kazakhstan shortly after the European Union banned Itek Air from flying to Europe due to the aircraft's lack of security. Then 68 people died in the crash. According to BusinessWeek, there is one fatal plane crash in 507,500 flight hours. Boeing aircraft 737. Meanwhile, the oldest version of the Boeing 737 family is still operated by airlines in poor countries.

2. IL-76.

The Il-76 aircraft, which is most often operated by airlines of the countries of the former Soviet Union, ranks second in the ranking of the most dangerous aircraft models, which are operated around the world in quantities of 100 or more. For every 549,900 flight hours of this aircraft, there is one plane crash. Currently, 247 Il-76 aircraft are used in the world, produced from 1974 to the present day. One of the largest Il-76 plane crashes occurred in 2003. Then the crashed plane of the Iranian airline Iran Revolutionary Guard claimed the lives of 275 people.
" title="(!LANG:2. Il-76.
The Il-76 aircraft, which is most often operated by airlines of the countries of the former Soviet Union, ranks second in the ranking of the most dangerous aircraft models, which are operated around the world in quantities of 100 or more. For every 549,900 flight hours of this aircraft, there is one plane crash. Currently, 247 Il-76 aircraft are used in the world, produced from 1974 to the present day. One of the largest Il-76 plane crashes occurred in 2003. Then the crashed plane of the Iranian airline Iran Revolutionary Guard claimed the lives of 275 people.
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3. Tu-154.

Title="(!LANG:3. Tu-154.
The most common aircraft in most of the CIS countries, operating domestic and international flights, is also one of the most dangerous. For every 1,041,000 flight hours of the Tu-154, there is one plane crash, writes BusinessWeek. Currently, 336 aircraft of this model are operated in the world. In Iran, since 2002, there have been four plane crashes involving the Tu-154. The last disaster occurred on July 15 this year: a Tu-154 of the Iranian airline Caspian Air crashed, en route from Tehran to Yerevan. 168 people died.
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4. Airbus A310.

Title="(!LANG:4. Airbus A310.
One plane crash occurs in 1,067,700 Airbus A310 flight hours. Most major airlines have already stopped operating it, while carriers from poor countries continue to fly this aircraft from the European aircraft manufacturer Airbus. Among them is Pakistan International Airlines. On June 30 this year, an A310 liner belonging to Yemenia Airlines crashed into the open sea. 153 people died, only a 12-year-old girl managed to escape.
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5. McDonnell-Douglas DC-9.

Title="(!LANG:5. McDonnell-Douglas DC-9.
The McDonnell Douglas aircraft, which has been out of production since 1982, is still used by Delta Airlines, as well as many other small carriers. Meanwhile, one plane crash occurs in 1,068,700 aircraft flight hours. Last April, a Hewa Bora Airways DC-9 crashed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 44 people died.
!}">

6. Tu-134.
In the history of the Russian civil aviation Tu-134 entered as the most massive aircraft. Its production ceased in 1986, but the Tu-134 is still widely used by airlines from the countries of the former Soviet Union and the Middle East. There is one plane crash for every 1,087,600 flight hours of an aircraft. One of the largest Tu-134 crashes occurred in August 2004. Then the plane of the airline crashed

Title="(!LANG:6. Tu-134.
The Tu-134 entered the history of Russian civil aviation as the most massive aircraft. Its production ceased in 1986, but the Tu-134 is still widely used by airlines from the countries of the former Soviet Union and the Middle East. There is one plane crash for every 1,087,600 flight hours of an aircraft. One of the largest Tu-134 crashes occurred in August 2004. Then the plane of the airline crashed">!}

7 Boeing 727

Title="(!LANG:7. Boeing 727.
One plane crash occurs in 2,306,300 Boeing 727 flight hours. The aircraft has not been produced since 1984, and most major air carriers have long since replaced older Boeing 727s with more modern aircraft. However, outside the United States, most charter translators continue to operate the Boeing 727. One of the plane crashes with this aircraft occurred in the African state of Benin on Christmas Day 2003. Then 151 people died.
!}">

8. McDonnell-Douglas MD-80.

Title="(!LANG:8. McDonnell-Douglas MD-80.
The McDonnell-Douglas MD-80 was created to replace the DC-9 in the early 80s. Their production ceased in 1999, but the airliners are still operated by the American airline Delta, as well as a number of European carriers, including Alitalia and SAS. A total of 923 aircraft of this model are in operation. One plane crash accounts for 2,332,300 McDonnell-Douglas MD-80 flight hours. In August last year, the aircraft of this model, owned by the Spanish airline Spanair, crashed on the way to Canary Islands. 153 people died.
">

9. McDonnell-Douglas DC-10.

Title="(!LANG:9. McDonnell-Douglas DC-10.
The DC-10 is an aircraft whose safety, on the contrary, has improved over the years. There are 153 aircraft of this model flying in the world, for every 2,908,800 flight hours of DC-10 there is one plane crash. Currently, the aircraft is used mainly by cargo and charter operators. At the same time, the last plane crash involving a DC-10 occurred in 1999, when the liner of the former French carrier AOM crashed in Guatemala. On regular flights, this aircraft is used by only one airline.
!}">

10. McDonnell-Douglas MD-11.

Title="(!LANG:10. McDonnell-Douglas MD-11.
The MD-11, which ended production in 2001, disappointed its creator by showing poor results in terms of fuel efficiency and other parameters. Meanwhile, there are 187 airliners in the world operated by airlines such as Finnair and KLM. One plane crash occurs in 3,668,800 MD-11 flight hours. AT last time the plane of this model crashed in 1999. Then the MD-11 of China Airlines caught fire while landing in Hong Kong during a typhoon.
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It should be noted that the planes occupying 5th and 8th places are essentially the same model, only slightly modernized, the same can be said about the planes in 9th and 10th places. ), not included in the rating due to their small number, include the Il-86/96, Tu-204/214, Airbus A380, Embraer 135/140/145/170/175/190/195, Canadair Regional Jet 700-900 , McDonnell Douglas MD-90, Fokker-70 and some others. Meanwhile, according to the Aviation Safety Network, the most dangerous aircraft in the world currently in operation, by a factor that is calculated based on the number of flights, the number of fatalities and the total number of crashes, is the Boeing 747. Next on the list are the Boeing 737-300/400 /500, Tu-154, Airbus A300, Boeing 757, Airbus A320/319/321, Airbus A310, Boeing 767, Yak-42.

Title="(!LANG:It should be noted that the planes occupying 5th and 8th places are essentially the same model, only slightly modernized, the same can be said about the planes in 9th and 10th places. It should also be noted that among the safe liners (without human casualties among passengers) that were not included in the rating due to their small number, include the Il-86/96, Tu-204/214, Airbus A380, Embraer 135/140/145/170/175/190/195 , Canadair Regional Jet 700-900, McDonnell Douglas MD-90, Fokker-70 and some others.Meanwhile, according to the Aviation Safety Network website, the most dangerous aircraft in the world currently in operation, according to a coefficient that is calculated based on the number of flights, the number of deaths and the total number of crashes is Boeing 747. Further on the list are Boeing 737-300/400/500, Tu-154, Airbus A300, Boeing 757, Airbus A320/319/321, Airbus A310, Boeing 767, Yak-42 .
!}">

With the development of the media, the society shows an interest in the patterns of aircraft accidents and statistics of aircraft crashes. This is due to the review of major civil aviation accidents. Thinking about a trip on vacation or on a business trip, a person often wonders if trouble will happen to him. The answer to it can be found by resorting to aviation statistics, which determine how often planes crash and for what reason.

Air crash statistics

Planes and trains are considered the safest means of transportation. By looking at the statistics of accidents on different modes of transport, you can see that it is much easier to get into an accident on a bus than to become a victim of an accident in the air. Most of the crashes are due to an oversight by the authorities (terrorist attack) or a mistake by the pilot and technical services.

Every day, about 10 thousand flights rise into the sky (3.65 million per year). Of the total annual air passenger traffic, the number of 1000 people is called, how many die on average per year. The mortality rate over the past 50 years has decreased from a probability of 1:264 thousand to 1:127.5 million. During the entire existence of aviation (100 years), about 150 thousand people died.

In Russia

Today, the situation with disasters is unpredictable. About 60% of the Russian-made aircraft fleet are worn out. The rest is purchased from abroad. Basically, these are Boeing models and Airbuses. Fall Probability passenger transport will only increase over the years: it is not known how the equipment will behave at the end of its service life.

Over the past 20 years, Russia has consistently ranked second in the number of air crashes after the United States. If private aeronautics were developed in Russia, perhaps the country would already be on the first line of the rating. Since 1945, about 350 accidents have occurred in Russia, excluding military and private plane crashes. More than 8 thousand people died.

The smallest number of aircraft crashes was recorded in 2006-2007: 7 per year.

According to the CIS Interstate Aviation Council (IAC), 2016 showed worst statistic: 56 crashes with a total of 143 victims. Since the beginning of 2018, there have already been 32 accidents with 116 victims. The most significant was the recent crash of an AN-148 of Saratov Airlines flight 703 Moscow-Orsk, which occurred on February 11 near the village of Argunovo in the Moscow region. The plane crashed near Domodedovo, without gaining altitude, 71 people died.

The latest version of the prosecutor's office suggested that the fuselage was not treated with anti-icing liquid. Interpretation of voice recorder recordings witnessed a dispute between pilots about "frozen" pressure and speed sensors. The investigations continued until the very fall.

According to eyewitnesses, the plane collided with a Russian Post helicopter: letters and parcels on board were found at the crash site. According to information from the media, at the time of takeoff, the stewardess was talking with her grandmother that they had taken off (everything is in order).

According to statistics, the percentage of falls during takeoffs is 17%. But the crew made a fatal mistake. On the same day, a small plane crashed Turkish airline with 11 passengers.

Air crash specialists managed to deduce the circumstances of the accidents and their probability:

• crew errors during landing - 51%;
• malfunctions and weather when climbing - 8%;
• with a decrease - 3%;
• during loading - 5%;
• during landing approach - 7%.

After accidents in the Internet spaces appear scary pictures, video, crash details. Anxiety and concern of people about their own safety is increasing. Over the past 10 years, Russia has been the leading country in terms of the number of crashes. Unfortunately, most of the passengers had no chance of escaping, even when the plane was at low altitude. There are also lucky ones who managed to survive after incredible falls. In most cases, these are flight attendants and crew members.

In the world

Most crashes occur in the US, Russia and Canada (over 1,300 as of 2018). The death toll is approaching 20,000. Next come Brazil, Colombia, UK, France, India, Indonesia and Mexico.

Over the past 10 years, the first positions remain with the countries: Russia, USA, Ukraine, Congo and Germany. At the same time, the United States remains the leader in the number of victims. This is due to the increased freight and passenger traffic. Record daily a large number of accidents of private planes and helicopters, as well as small aircraft.

Over the past 5 years, there have been no major air crashes in the United States. After the September terrorist attacks with two Boeings, the planes fell, but with the number of passengers not exceeding 50 people.

A huge number of accidents are recorded in the military sphere on training missions or in the course of performing combat missions.

The greatest number of tragedies was recorded in the 70s of the XX century. Among them, a collision of 2 aircraft on 03/28/1977 near the island of Tenerife stands out, in which 583 people died.

The tragedy of April 10, 2010 is referred to as an international plane crash. The crash occurred on the territory of the Smolensk region. On board the TU-154 flight Warsaw-Smolensk was the top leadership of Polish officials and President Lech Kaczynski. By official version the plane crashed while descending due to a hitch on the tops of trees, which were difficult to see in foggy conditions. Smolensk dispatchers allowed landing at an airfield that was not technically equipped for "carcasses" on the urgent initiative of one of the ministers. A delegation of 96 people hurried to the funeral procession on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre.

A significant political catastrophe of our time was the shelling of a Malaysian Boeing 777 from Buk launchers from the territory of the Donetsk Republic (Ukraine) on July 17, 2014. The plane was flying KL 4103 from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur with 298 passengers on board. The wreckage after the rocket attack was found near the village of Grabovo. The flight had a counterpart (Boeing Flight MH17) departing for Malaysia 17 minutes late. Ukrainian dispatchers, upon detecting the first Boeing on radar, sent it through the air corridor over the territory of the DPR (as usual), and MH17 sent it through the southern corridor (Russia), which became the main clue in the investigation of the incident.

When examining a Boeing-777, the DPR militia made conclusions about the death of passengers long before takeoff. Their bodies were exhausted by the cadaveric odor that appeared for at least 3 days. Also unusual was the presence of a large amount of medicines and blood serum among the wreckage, which is not typical for a passenger airliner. There was practically no blood in the common compartment, while the cockpit was filled with it.

Most conspiracy theorists consider the catastrophe to be staged. Presumably, the corpses were taken from a Malaysian liner that disappeared without a trace back in early March. The incident itself was necessary to accuse Russia of using force. The true circumstances are still unknown. The final investigation is unlikely to bring clarity to the situation.

It also remains unclear who the people on board were and who was mourned by the relatives of the dead, most of whom were Dutch. Local residents of Donetsk are sure that the installations of the BUK MANPADS of the rebels were not the cause of the explosion. Shortly before the crash, a Su-35 was seen in the sky.

On August 26, 2006, a Tu-154M flight Anapa - St. Petersburg crashed on the territory of the DPR. The reason was a lightning storm, which brought the board into a flat tailspin, 170 bodies of the dead were found.

In terms of the number of victims in the course of air accidents, a different picture emerges. The top three are the US, Russia and Colombia. Brazil, France, India, Indonesia, Canada, Great Britain, Mexico continue the list.

Photo from the crash site of the Airbus A321 in the Sinai Peninsula

Some of the biggest accidents are Airbus crash A320 in the Java Sea (Indonesia) due to a thunderstorm, Airbus A321 in the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) as a result of a terrorist attack and an Airbus A320 due to the suicide of a German pilot, as a result of which the plane crashed into the ridge of the Provencal Alps (France).

Why planes crash: the main reasons

Human factor

Among the causes of aircraft crashes, in most cases, the human factor is cited: the inexperience of the pilots or the inability to correct the situation. An example is the tragedy with the Alexandrov Ensemble, who flew to a charity concert on December 25, 2016.

The Tu-154 of the Utair company, en route to Syria, crashed due to spatial disorientation in the 2nd minute after takeoff from Sochi. The plane crashed into the Black Sea. Nobody managed to survive.

Another Tu-154 crash near Khabarovsk on December 7, 1995 occurred due to improper fuel generation in the wings. None of the survivors: the board collided with the Bo-Jousa mountain and exploded.

Safety violation

The second most common cause of crashes is a safety violation. On the night of March 23, 1994, the plane crash occurred due to the transfer of the main steering wheel to the 15-year-old son of the pilot. Hope for autopilot did not materialize. The boy, imitating the captain, began to turn the steering wheel and accidentally turned off the autopilot. The ship managed to gain a fairly high list. It was possible to restore balance at the level of the edges of the trees, which caused the final fall. Flight SU593 Moscow-Hong Kong broke off near Mezhdurechensk. Nobody managed to escape.

technical issues

The third in the list of reasons are technical malfunctions. Common ones include chassis failure, electronics and sensors failure, or engine failure (fire). Such accidents happened with Ural Airlines aircraft.

On December 2, 2002, an experienced command without landing gear landed a Tu-154 at Pulkovo Airport. There were no casualties.
The accident of the A310 of Siberia Airlines in Irkutsk on July 9, 2006 occurred due to the transition of one of the engines to takeoff mode during landing. As a result, the board stopped only after hitting the garage complex. The total number of deaths was 125. Those in the tail managed to survive (63 wounded and 25 unharmed).

One of the possible causes of accidents may be the depressurization of the cockpit. Such a case occurred with a Helios Airways Boeing on August 14, 2005. As a result of malfunctions in the pressurization system, air ran out in the cockpit, due to which the pilots lost consciousness. The plane hovered over Greek territory until it ran out of fuel. The board exploded upon impact with a rock 40 km from Athens.

At Belarusian airline"Belavia" technical malfunctions happen all the time. Particularly publicized was the case when the plane broke into 2 parts right on the runway. Bombardier CRJ-100 was supposed to fly from Yerevan airport to Minsk on February 14, 2008. Due to the roll of the wing, the side turned over, resulting in a rift in the forward compartment. A fire broke out due to a spill of fuel. There were no casualties, as people hurried to get out themselves through the resulting crack.

Lack of professionalism

The next reason on the list is ignorance of your business. So, due to the fault of the pilot of the Yak-42 flight Yaroslavl-Minsk, the Lokomotiv hockey team, flying to the KHL, died. The tragedy occurred on September 7, 2011 as a result of repeatedly pressing the brakes during takeoff. The plane took off already from the ground outside the runway, as it did not have time to accelerate. A few seconds later, at a height of 6 meters, there was a collision with a lighthouse near the river. Only one of the crew members (engineer) survived. Despite the absurdity of the situation, there are rumors in Russian aviation about the lack of education of pilots and purchased diplomas.

terrorist attack

Terror attacks are not included in aviation statistics, but a large number of accidents occur due to the fault of recruited criminals. The largest air crash in the last 10 years was the incident with the A321 (VP BOC) Kogalymavia, flying from Sharm el-Sheikh to St. Petersburg at the end of October 2015. The black box recordings revealed the sound of an explosion in the tail section. The wreckage of the liner was scattered for many kilometers in a deserted desert.

Weather

Weather conditions play a significant role. So, in March 2016, a Flydubai Boeing 737 800 crashed during a re-landing approach in Rostov-on-Don, which lasted about 2 hours. As a result, the liner did not have enough fuel to complete the maneuver.

Aircraft crashes are also due to controller errors and greed from airlines that skimp on new parts, maintenance, and don't delve into vehicle wear and tear issues.

List of largest aircraft accidents from 1990 to 2018

Over the past 20 years, the chronicles of air crashes tell of the numerous victims of aviation. When compiling the list, disasters with a death toll of more than 60 for the period from 1990 to 2018 were taken into account (the number of deaths is indicated in brackets):

• 05.91: B767, Thailand (223);
• 07.91: DC-8-61, Saudi Arabia (261);
• 10.91: C-130H-30, Indonesia (135);
• 08.92: Tu-134, Ivanovo region (84);
• 09.92: C-130H-LM, Nigeria (158);
• 09.92: A300, Nepal (167);
• 12.92: B727, Libya (157);
• 01.94: Tu-154, Irkutsk region (125);
• 03.94: A310, Kemerovo region (75);
• 04.94: A300, Japan (264);
• 06.94: Tu-154, China (160);
• 12.95: Tu-154, Khabarovsk region (98);
• 12.95: B757, Colombia (159);
• 01.96: An-32, Zaire (298);
• 02.96: B757, Atlantic Ocean (189);
• 07.96: B747, USA (230);
• 08.96: Tu-154, Norway (141);
• 11.96: B727, Nigeria (144);
• 11.96: collision of B747 and Il-76, India (349);
• 08.97: B747, Guam (228);
• 09.97: A300, Indonesia (234);
• 02.98: A300, China (203);
• 09.98: MD-11, Canada (229);
• 10.99: B767, Atlantic Ocean (217);
• 01.2000: A310, Ivory Coast (169);
• 08.2000: A320, Bahrain (143);
• 07.01: Tu-154, Irkutsk region (145);
• 09.01: attacks B767 and B757 (2977);
• 10.01: shot down by air defense systems, Tu-154, Krasnodar region (63);
• 10.01: A300B4, USA (265);
• 05.02: BAC 1-11, Nigeria (149);
• 05.02: B747, Taiwan Strait (225);
• 07.02: Tu-154, Germany (71);
• 02.03: Il-76, Iran (275);
• 05.03: Yak-42, Turkey (75);
• 12.03: B727, Benin (141);
• 01.04: B737, Egypt (148);
• 08.04: terrorist attacks Tu-154 and Tu-134, Rostov and Tula region (89);
• 08.05: MD-82, Venezuela (160);
• 11.05: B737, Indonesia (149);
• 05.06: A320, Krasnodar Territory (113);
• 07.06: A310, Irkutsk region (125);
• 08.06: Tu-154, Ukraine (170);
• 09.06: B737, Brazil (154);
• 07.07 : A320, Brazil (199);
• 08.08: MD-82, Spain (154);
• 09.08: В737, Perm region (88);
• 06.09: A330, Atlantic Ocean (228);
• 06.09: A310, Comoros (152);
• 07.09: Tu-154, Iran (168);
• 04.10: Tu-154, Smolensk region (96);
• 05.10: B737, India (158);
• 07.10: A321, Pakistan (152);
• 06.12: MD-83, Nigeria (163);
• 03.14: b777, Indian Ocean (239);
• 07.14: B777, Ukraine (298);
• 12.14: A320, Indonesia (162);
• 10.15: A321, Egypt (224);
• 03.15: A320, France (150);
• 06.15: KC-130B, Indonesia (143);
• 03.16: b737, Rostov region (62);
• 05.16: A320, Mediterranean Sea (66);
• 11.16: Avro RJ85, Colombia (71);
• 12.16: Tu-154, Krasnodar Territory (92);
• 06.17: Y-8, Myanmar (122).

Recent crashes

Since the beginning of 2018, many terrible tragedies have occurred, primarily affecting Russia. This is largely due to the situation in Syria, where the Russian military humanitarian aid. By coincidence, several military vehicles were shot down from the air.

• February 11, 2018: An-148, Moscow region (71 victims);
• February 18, 2018: ATR-72, Iran (66 dead);
• April 11, 2018: Il-76TD, Algeria (257 victims);
• May 18, 2018: B737, Cuba (112 dead).

If we consider the global picture of crashes for 2018, then they occurred on charter flights. Several accidents occurred with helicopters on the day of the wedding: one couple died when approaching the church due to heavy fog, the other couple escaped with a slight fright and continued the festivities after falling from a height of several meters.

Information about whether objects from classified tasks were broken, unfortunately, cannot be revealed.

Which planes crash the most

The Russian aircraft industry is one of the largest in the world market in both civil and military aviation. Serial production of passenger airliners has been launched for the Tu-204, An-148, SSJ100, Il-96, CR 929 models. PAK TA, Il-114-300 and Il-76TD-90A are at the development stage. The MS-21 model is undergoing flight tests.

Due to the modernization of the aviation industry, some models have lost their relevance. Among them are the Tu-134 and Tu-154, developed back in the USSR. Some airlines still operate worn-out Tu-154s that were taken out of production back in 1998. Accident statistics rank these two models among the most dangerous and unreliable. In the entire history of flights on these aircraft, there have been many emergency situations that have caused more than one tragedy. IL-76 closes the top three in terms of accidents on Russian flights.

An example is the unsuccessful landing of the Tu-134 in Samara on March 17, 2007. The landing gear could not withstand the adhesion to the ground during the landing approach in bad weather conditions. As a result, the fuselage of the liner began to fall apart, the wing and engine were torn off from the aircraft. Most of the people managed to escape. 6 out of 57 passengers died.

The accident with the amazing rescue of flight attendants occurred on board the Il-86 in Moscow on July 28, 2002. It should be noted that this was the only fall of this model due to a technical malfunction. On board the airliner flying to St. Petersburg there was only a crew of 16 people. The plane crashed within a minute after takeoff in a forested area near Sheremetyevo due to the failure of the stabilizers. The pilots did not have time to activate their backup control. Only the female half of the train, Tatyana Moiseyeva and Arina Vinogradova, miraculously managed to get out of the ignited cabin. The fall was a foregone conclusion due to the illogical actions of the pilots.

In world practice, the most unpredictable aircraft is the Boeing 737 (made in the USA). In all catastrophes, there was practically no chance for people. According to statistics, at the end of September 2018, 189 units were lost. models, where the Boeing 737 800 occupies the largest share.

The last major plane crash occurred on May 18, 2018 in Cuba. The number of victims is 112 people. The Havana-Holguín flight crashed due to an engine fire. The plane crashed into a farm. The list of survivors included a man and three women. Only 1 passenger survived. 'Born in a shirt', 19-year-old Mylene Diaz Almaguer has been admitted to rehab after suffering a spinal injury and extensive burns.

The list of the most unfavorable aircraft according to BusinessWeek is presented. The rating review included aircraft operated around the world in quantities of 100 or more. When comparing models, the indicator of the number of air crashes for a certain number of flight hours was taken into account.

Anti-security rating

1. Boeing 737 JT8D;
2. IL-76;
3. Tu-154;
4. Airbus A310;
5. McDonnell-Douglas DC-9;
6. Tu-134;
7. Boeing 727;
8. McDonnell-Douglas MD-80;
9. McDonnell-Douglas MC-10;
10. McDonnell-Douglas MD-11;
11. Boeing 737CFMI;
12. Boeing 757;
13. Airbus A320;
14. Boeing 767;
15. Boeing 737NG;
16. Boeing 747.

Based on the data, it will not be possible to predict the outcome of the flight, since no one is immune from the tragedy. But the picture of air crashes and their causes still allows us to reflect some statistical probabilities.

Safe Aircraft

Boeing 777 takes the first place in terms of safety: not a single plane crash in 200 million hours. and 4 minor accidents. Despite the volume and capacity of up to 500 people, the engines do their job perfectly.

On the 2nd Airbus location A340: 5 accidents in 13 million hours Due to the expensive service, not every airline can boast of this liner.

The predecessor model Airbus A330 takes an honorable 3rd place. No breakdowns or malfunctions. Only one disaster: 228 people who drowned in Atlantic Ocean in 2008. Aeroflot operates more than 15 A330 models (VQ BEK, VQ BCQ and other flight numbers). Pobeda has 20 Boeing 737 800s in its fleet (VQ ​​BTI, VQ BTG, VQ BWG, etc.).

Reliable airlines

Various air safety agencies and committees of countries evaluate the rating of airlines according to various characteristics. Liners that fell in different periods (their number) and the lineup (safety) are taken into account.

British studies have affected airline punctuality based on overall passenger traffic and number of flights.

In the world

According to EASA, the top 20 includes companies with a perfect reputation. They are considered the safest.

These include airlines:

1. Air New Zealand,
2. alaska Airlines,
3. All Nippon Airways,
4. British Airways,
5. Cathay Pacific Airways,
6. emirates,
7. etihad Airways,
8. EVA Air,
9. Finnair,
10. Hawaiian Airlines,
11. Japan Airlines,
12. Lufthansa,
13. qantas,
14. Royal Jordanian Airlines,
15. Scandinavian Airline System,
16. Singapore Airlines
17. swiss,
18. Virgin Atlantic,
19. Virgin Australia,
20. Qatar Airways.

In the entire history of the existence of these companies, there has not been a single crashed flight.

In Russia

The Federal Air Transport Agency provides a transparent profile of each airline. The rating below was built according to the volume and growth of passenger traffic, as well as depending on the kilometers flown.

Popularity Rating

1. Aeroflot,
2. Siberia,
3. Russia,
4. Utair (UTair),
5. Ural Airlines (Ural Airlines),
6. Victory,
7. Globus (Globe),
8. Azura Air,
9. VIM-Avia,
10. Nordwind Airlines (Northern wind).

Safety Rating

Since passengers are more interested in safety, there is another ranking that takes into account both the number of air crashes and accidents over the past 30 years. Human losses (death of passengers and random people) are also estimated.

1. Victory,
2. Ural Airlines,
3. S7 Airlines (Siberia),
4. Yakutia,
5. nordavia,
6. Utair,
7. Yamal.

Transaero could have been in the top ten if it had not gone bankrupt back in 2015. She had a powerful new fleet and not a single disaster. The image of the company is determined by technical equipment, and not by popularity among tourists for a certain period of time (including package tours).

Modern technologies and developments in the aircraft industry make flights the safest. The chance of crashing is negligible. A factor influencing the development of the industry in the future will be the quality training of pilots. In Russia today there is a shortage of professional personnel. Old school crews will soon retire, and young pilots may not be able to cope with an emergency. Therefore, the quality and reliability of the liner come to the fore. This will significantly reduce the number of air crashes with insufficient experience or in adverse weather conditions.

Related videos

Since 2011, Russia has become the absolute leader in the number of air crashes with human casualties.

Plane crash of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl hockey team © Reuters

The plane crash near Tyumen, which killed 31 people, was the first disaster of this magnitude in 2012.

After the tragic year for Russian aviation in 2011, Russia again leads by a wide margin in the world statistics of air crashes.

We tried to figure out how often planes crash in Russia, why this happens, and remembered the biggest plane crashes of the decade.

death statistics

The United States is the historical leader in the number of air crashes. According to the Aviation Safety Network, since 1945, 653 civil aircraft. Almost 10 thousand people died as a result of accidents.

Since 2007, 293 people have died in plane crashes in Russia.

Russia takes the second place. Over the past 66 years, 266 accidents have occurred on the territory of the USSR and the Russian Federation, in which 6.5 thousand people died. It should be noted that Russia and the United States are leading largely due to the volume of air travel - the more flights, the higher the likelihood of an accident.

But the number of air crashes in the world and in the US in particular has been declining over the years. If in the 1990s 12 thousand people died in a plane crash, then in the 2000s the number of victims was 8.2 thousand. Here is a graph of the number of deaths in air crashes in the United States for 1945-2010:

Against this background, the statistics for Russia looks depressing. So, if since 2007 118 people have died in air crashes in the United States, then in Russia over the same period - 293 people.

The most tragic for Russian aviation was last year. Russia ranked first in fatal air crashes, second only to the Congo. In 2011, 514 people died in plane crashes around the world, 120 of them in the Russian Federation, that is, more than 20% of the total number of victims. 2012, which began with only strengthened the position of the Russian Federation.

See the graph of the victims of air crashes in the USSR and Russia over the past 65 years:

Causes of disasters

Among the main causes of air crashes in Russia, experts name the poor training of pilots. To release one pilot, it is necessary to burn from 60 to 160 tons of kerosene. Due to the high cost of fuel, pilots are often taught to fly in simulators only. And according to statistics, the cause of 80% of air crashes is the human factor.

Another cause of disasters is the decrepitude of the Russian aircraft fleet. Thus, in 2005, only 37% of passenger turnover was accounted for by new generation aircraft. The remaining 63% are still Soviet aircraft.

For example, the Yak-42 that crashed the Lokomotiv hockey team was banned in the European Union in 2009 due to serious security flaws.

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Il-76 and Boeing-737 JT8D topped the rating of the most dangerous aircraft, compiled by the American business magazine BusinessWeek. There is one plane crash for every 500,000 flight hours. The Tu-154 also entered the top three: on average, every thousandth flight crashes.

Most often in Russia, the An-2 "maize" crashes, which are included in the Guinness Book of Records as the only aircraft in the world that have been produced for more than 60 years. The An-2 isn't necessarily the most unreliable aircraft - it's just the most common. But over the years, the failure of technology becomes the cause of the disaster more and more often.

Catastrophes of the Decade in Russia

21st of June 2011 A Tu-134 plane crash occurred in Karelia. The plane made a hard landing near Petrozavodsk airport. The fuselage collapsed, a fire started. 46 of the 52 people on board were killed.

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In July at Tomsk region. In flight, the engine caught fire, but the pilots managed to land the plane on the water, although not without casualties - seven out of 37 passengers and crew members died.

On September 7, a Yak-42 crashed near Yaroslavl with the Lokomotiv hockey team on board. Of the 45 people on board, only one flight engineer survived.

In August 2010 in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, an An-24 aircraft crashed. It fell while landing at the Igarka airport and caught fire. 12 people died in the crash.

In September 2008 Aeroflot Nord Boeing 737, flying from Moscow, crashed while landing at Perm airport. All 88 people on board were killed. The cause of the crash was the erroneous actions of the pilots.

July 9 2006 Airbus A310 crashed at Irkutsk airport. The plane skidded off the runway. 125 people died.

On August 22, Tu-154M of Pulkovo Airlines crashed near Donetsk. The plane, flying Flight 612 from Anapa to St. Petersburg, tried to slip over a thundercloud, instead of sidestepping it, fell into a flat tailspin and crashed into the ground at a speed of 300 km / h. There were 170 people on board, all of them died on the spot. This tragedy was the largest air disaster in the history of Russian aviation.

24 August 2004 two Russian aircraft suffered a catastrophe as a result of terrorist attacks. Tu 154 and Tu 134 flew from Moscow's Domodedovo airport to Sochi and Volgograd. On board each of them was one suicide bomber. Almost simultaneously, they set off explosions, and both planes crashed. All 90 people on the two planes were killed. Later, Chechen rebel leader Shamil Basayev took responsibility for the attacks. He said that the organization of the explosions cost him $4,000.

In August 2002 Chechnya witnessed the worst helicopter crash in the world. Mi-26 with the military on board was shot down by a missile. At the same time, the helicopter was overloaded twice, and even landed on a minefield. 127 people died.

In July 2001 Tu-154 crashed at Irkutsk airport. The pilot made a mistake while landing. All 145 people died.

In October, a Russian Tu-154 flying from Tel Aviv crashed into the Black Sea. Everyone on board was killed - 77 people. The plane was accidentally shot down by a Ukrainian missile.

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Experts point out that air Transport the safest in the world, and statistics show that accidents with planes happen much less frequently than cars or trains. Any passenger making a flight chooses safety first and comfort second. Let's do a little analysis and present the most dangerous aircraft in the world in terms of the number of accidents. Let's take the data of the leading insurance companies as a basis, and be careful not to accidentally buy a ticket for these planes.

Boeing 737 JT8D

Experts agree that this model tops the list of dangerous aircraft, and the European Union has even adopted a resolution to ban some airlines from using the Boeing 737 JT8 D.

This ban happened immediately after the aircraft of this type crashed in August 2008 in the sky over Kazakhstan. Looking at the statistics, we find out that one Boeing 737 JT8 D accident with numerous victims occurs in 507,500 flight hours.

Despite these tragic figures, these models are still used daily in the world's poorest countries.

A veteran of the Soviet aviation industry, who made his first flight back in 1971, continues to be operated mainly on post-Soviet space and in some states of Asia and Africa.

It is estimated that there are currently approximately 300 aircraft flying in the world, and one accident occurs in 549,900 flight hours. The Il-76 aircraft, introduced to the airline in 1974, is still being produced today.

Among the major accidents, it is worth mentioning the catastrophe with the aircraft operated by the Iranian airline. Then, during the crash of the Il-76, 275 passengers and crew members died.

According to "BusinessWeek" for 1,041,000 flying hours with the Tu-154, there is one accident. But, despite such a rather high figure, this model remains the most common and popular on Russian airlines and in the countries of the former USSR.

Now in the world various airlines There are more than 300 vehicles in the world, and the largest number of accidents occur in the Middle East. For example, aircraft of this model, operated by Iranian airlines, have suffered 4 crashes since 2002.

The last terrible accident occurred over the Black Sea in December 2016, when 84 passengers and 8 crew members died as a result of the accident.

French aircraft manufacturers have long been included in the list of reliable aircraft manufacturers, but this model had 12 accidents in 1992.

The reasons were different, and in the 2009 disaster near the Comoros, 153 passengers and crew members died. Only a 12-year-old girl miraculously survived. In total, for 1,067,700 flight hours, there is one Airbus A 310 accident, and this model has been in operation since 1983.

Due to such indicators, the world's leading airlines have abandoned the services of this aircraft, but countries that are unable to renew their fleet due to lack of finance continue to use the unreliable model of the French liner.

McDonnell-Douglas DC-9

The short-haul aircraft of the American aircraft manufacturer began operating in 1965, and the project was closed in 1982.

Despite the cessation of production, this model of the liner continues to be used by small airlines around the world. According to statistics, there is one DC-9 accident per 1,068,700 flight hours.

Accidents are rare, but in 2008, 44 people died in the crash of a McDonnell-Douglas DC-9 in the Congo. In May 1996, a fire broke out on board an aircraft of the American company ValuJet Airlines, and it fell into a swamp. All 110 people on board were killed.

Once upon a time, the Soviet liner, produced since 1963, was the most advanced in its class. The Soviet Union not only widely exploited the machine not only on its air lines, but also exported it to many countries of the world.

There is one Tu-134 accident for every 1,087,600 hours of summer. The production of the model was stopped in 1986, but Asian countries and some African states continue to use the Soviet airliner.

In total, 78 vehicles were lost during the entire period of operation, and 1,494 people died in these disasters. It is worth noting that out of 78 cars, two were blown up by terrorists, and 10 were shot down in combat areas.

The old and unsafe plane got on the airlines in 1963, and in 1984 this model was no longer produced from the assembly line. But about 100 cars continue to be used by small companies for flights over short distances.

The largest accident with this model of the liner occurred in 1986 in the sky over Mexico, when 15 minutes after takeoff the liner caught fire and fell into the mountains. The 167 people on board had no chance of survival.

In total, from the moment of operation and to date, 118 cars have crashed for various reasons, and the total number of victims is 4,209 people.

McDonnell-Douglas MD-80

Reactive passenger liner was produced from 1980 to 1990, and was widely popular on domestic airlines in the United States. Now more than 900 models of this liner are in operation.

From the beginning of operation to the present day, 29 vehicles have been lost as a result of accidents and disasters. One accident, according to insurance companies, falls on 2,332,300 flight hours of a passenger airliner.

One of the biggest disasters occurred in 2008 at the Madrid airport, when the plane crashed on takeoff. 153 people died, and 18 managed to survive.

McDonnell-Douglas DC-10

In 1970, this model of the American aircraft manufacturer first taxied on runway, and in 1988 production of the McDonnell-Douglas DC-10 ceased.

In the early years, the model did not show high flight performance, and accidents happened quite regularly. Over the years, this negative trend has been overcome.

In the history of air travel, there is one DC-18 crash for every 2,908,800 flight hours. In 2001, a Boeing 747 and a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 almost collided in the sky over Japan due to the fault of the controllers. According to the pilots, the planes dispersed at a distance not exceeding 100 m.

McDonnell-Douglas MD-11

American aircraft designers created a machine that was supposed to replace obsolete models on US airlines. But the model disappointed with high fuel consumption and low tactical and flight performance.

One American aircraft crash occurs in 3,668,800 flight hours of the MD-11, and in 2001 the car was discontinued. But there are about 190 MD-11s flying around the world right now.

In 1999, a plane of this model crashed in China, but then the strongest typhoon became the cause, and the pilots simply could not cope with the elements. On that day, the well-coordinated work of firefighters and the rescue service prevented multiple casualties, but 3 people still died.

For a complete picture, let's present a few facts from history. passenger aviation related to flight safety:

• 2017 was the safest year in the history of global aviation. This year, many accidents were without casualties, but the reports did not include accidents with small aircraft.
  The first fatal plane crash occurred in 1908. Then, in the state of Virginia, a plane flown by O. Wright crashed, and the only passenger, Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge, died.
• Most of the air crashes occur in the United States and Russia, and since 1945 the United States has been the leader in the number of plane crashes.
• Experts have calculated that one fatal flight accounts for 7 million 360 thousand departures. But this figure does not include Act of terrorism which cannot be predicted.
• Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a special crash analyzer that can be used to calculate the probability of a particular flight crashing. All factors are taken into account - weather, aircraft depreciation, air flight runway conditions, etc.
• In Russia, of all types of aircraft, the An-2 aircraft of the Antonov concern most often crash.
• 46% of all air crashes in the world are due to the human factor, and in second place with 26% is the technical malfunction of the airliner.
• Terrorist attacks account for 1% of all crashes, 10% of accidents in the air and at airports are due to weather conditions.

So our rating of the most dangerous aircraft has come to an end, and as you can see, even well-known manufacturers sometimes produce imperfect machines. Of course, in many accidents there is a so-called human factor, and human error sometimes leads to the death of hundreds of people, and the sky, as you know, does not forgive mistakes, neither in the sky nor on earth.

In conclusion, we note that the analysis of air crashes of the presented aircraft models does not include accidents caused by terrorist acts.

About a year ago I wrote a post on my Facebook on this topic (), I'll copy it here:

When discussing the topic of air crashes or accidents, I periodically hear the opinion that in Soviet times passenger air transportation were exceptionally safe, and then the USSR collapsed, chaos began in aviation, and flight safety fell sharply. Since I am very interested in aviation, I have long wanted to test this hypothesis and compare the safety of air travel in the USSR / Russia in different years, and take the United States as a starting point. Now hands have finally reached this lesson.

For this exercise, we will need: datasets (two pieces); time (120 min.); Stat (1 pc.); Excel (1 pc.); and most importantly, manual dexterity (dexterity - 1 piece, hands - preferably 2 pieces) and no fraud. So, we do the following:

1. We take here (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR/countries/US?display=default) data on the number of passengers in the USA in 1971 - 2014 and Russia in 1991 - 2014. Add from here (https://skorobutov.wordpress.com/2013/10/15/history-of-aeroflot-part-2-3-1973-1983/) data for the USSR for 1976 and from here (https://skorobutov.wordpress. com/2013/10/21/aeroflot-history-part-5-1983-1993/) - for 1990; by two points we build a linear interpolation for the USSR starting from 1971 (not an ideal assumption, of course, but I did not find better data for the USSR).

2. We take here (http://aviation-safety.net/database/country/) data on all accidents for Russia/USSR and the USA since 1971.

Note: unfortunately there is sorting by countries goes based on where the crash occurred, not based on which country the aircraft belongs to. So, for example, there is no Tu-154 crash over Donetsk in 2006. But, again, I have no other data, and manually sorting crashes is too long and boring.

Note 2 (I will take it out of the comments): the data on air crashes in Russia / USSR from this site include only crashes in the territory modern Russia. At first I did not take this into account, and then I did not have time to redo all the data, but I took into account the largest (from about 20 dead) air crashes on the territory of the Union republics manually. The remaining air crashes with relatively few casualties are unlikely to change the overall picture; moreover, the underestimation of catastrophes leads to an overestimation, not an underestimation, of the level of security in the USSR.

3. We clean the data. Will take into account only those who died on board the aircraft, but not on the ground (you can take into account everyone; I don’t think that this will change much); remove all missing and null victim values; delete "criminal" categories (H1 and H2, C1 and C2 - terrorist attacks, hijackings, seizures, etc., since they are not directly related to flight safety); if possible, remove private and military (for the USSR / Russia: Soviet AF, Polish AF, Russian AF, Soviet Navy; for the USA: USMC, US Army, US Coast Guard, USAF, US Navy, Mexican AF, Mali AF ) operators. For the USSR, for the sake of clarity, I removed the Japanese JAL plane crash; for the USA, I didn’t clean it further, since there are a lot of airlines.

4. Since there are still a lot of light aircraft crashes (not private, but some kind of "Horns and Hooves"), we delete all crashes with a number of victims less than 5 (again, not ideal, but at least so).

5. We group the data by five-year intervals: 1971 - 1975, 1976 - 1980, ..., 2006 - 2010, 2011 - 2014 (for 2015 there is no data on the number of passengers).

6. Divide the number of people killed in air crashes by the number of passengers (in millions). We draw the whole thing on a graph (at the same time we add separately graphs with the number of passengers and the number of dead).

Now some observations:

a) While the air travel industry was growing in the US and globally, in Russia it collapsed after the collapse of the USSR and never recovered to the Soviet level (and this decline cannot be explained simply by the reduction in territory or population decline caused by the collapse of the USSR).

b) Soviet aviation did not differ in any exceptional safety: on average, it was more than four times less safe than American aviation.

c) There has been tremendous progress in air travel safety in the US. Modern aviation in developed countries is phenomenally safe.

d) Looking at the absolute number of deaths, overall the trend for Russia/USSR looks even better than for the US, but the situation changes dramatically as soon as we take into account changes in the number of passengers.

And, finally, to the answer to the main question: what is happening with the safety of transportation in Russia? In my opinion, the answer to this question depends on the angle from which you look at the situation. I will rely on the relative rather than the absolute number of fatalities, as it, in my opinion, better reflects the safety of flights.

Note: The change in passenger numbers does not account for the change in aircraft capacity. Modern aircraft are much larger than their 40-year-old counterparts, so there are fewer flights today to carry the same number of passengers on the same route. And the fewer flights, the fewer accidents, other things being equal. At the same time, a single plane crash now causes more casualties than in the past. In theory, these two effects more or less compensate each other. But in any case, since the route network is constantly changing, I can’t estimate the number of flights performed from my data, and I don’t have exact data on the number of flights, so I work with what I have.

On the one hand, there was indeed a failure in the safety of transport in Russia in 1991-2010 (1996-2000 were a pleasant exception); the country fell back to the level of security characteristic of the USSR in the late 1970s and early 1980s. At the same time, it is not entirely clear what exactly caused this failure: a sharp deterioration in the situation after the collapse of the USSR, or an unexpected positive jump in security in 1986-1990 (most likely both).

Moreover, the situation with air transportation safety in Russia today, although inferior to the USSR of the period 1986-1990, looks much better than in any other Soviet period.

But still, it must be admitted that everything looks very bad with regard to the United States: in Soviet times, the gap between the USSR and the United States was much smaller than now; while air travel has become much safer in the US, nothing like this has happened here.

In other words, in post-Soviet Russia there was no progress in the field of aviation security that is typical for developed countries, and there was even a significant deterioration in the situation compared to the late USSR, but at the same time, even the worst Russian times are comparable to individual Soviet segments. That is, it cannot be said in any way that aviation in the USSR was very safe, and after the collapse of the USSR, something unprecedented began to happen.

Bottom line: in my opinion, the question should not be about how to return to the times of the USSR (because then a lot of people flew and crashed a lot too), but about how to get closer to the modern USA (because they fly a lot, a lot and almost completely safe).

P.S. It would be very interesting to look at this data in the context of individual airlines, but, unfortunately, there is no such detailed data on the number of passengers. For example, Aeroflot has not had any fatal accidents on passenger flights since 1994; Transaero has never had such accidents in its 24 years of existence; Siberia / S7 had only one such case (except for the terrorist attack and the plane, it seems like it was shot down by a Ukrainian missile). There is a feeling that the leading Russian companies are now not much inferior to Western ones in terms of security, but it is not clear what is happening in small companies. But you shouldn’t take this as a call to nationalize and unite everything: it’s not about the size itself, and even more so not about who the owner is, but what is the level of training (and salary) of pilots, what is the safety culture in the company etc.