Raincoat-tents (English waterproof cape) are called wearable camping tent things intended for one person. The material for their execution, as a rule, is a waterproof fabric that simultaneously performs the role of both a raincoat and a tent. In case of special need, they can also be used as stretchers or drags for transporting wounded or sick soldiers in battle.

From the history of raincoat tents

It is known that in 1882 raincoats were an obligatory attribute of soldier's marching equipment. Such a cloak looked like a light gray bundle, which the soldiers wore over their shoulders and tied with belts to their overcoat rolls. The set of tents included wooden poles and posts that were pushed between the tents and the slopes.

It should be noted that for that time it was a revolutionary decision. For the first time, soldiers received protective equipment from bad weather, at a halt, and also on the march. And that was important. Previously, soldiers' camping tents were transported in second-class carts, which, according to the charter, followed the regiments at a distance equal to half a day's march, which usually amounted to as much as 20-30 miles. Now the soldiers have private places for recreation, which could be installed at any time of the day.

At first, the tents were simple panels with holes in the corners for ease of installation. However, soldiers were more likely to cover themselves with tents from the rains on marches. They learned to use tents as a raincoat. The superiors took a closer look at the soldier's behavior, and in 1910 the tents were modernized.

In Soviet times, since 1936, the command and rank and file in the rifle units of the Red Army were provided with a set of raincoats, which included:

• The cloth of the raincoat-tent with dimensions 180 × 180 cm;
• Collapsible rack, which includes two semi-racks-rods 65 cm long;
• Two jokes;
• Lacing rope.

In the case of skillful use, raincoats became an excellent protection for commanders and Red Army soldiers from inclement weather. Moreover, these attributes were used to disguise themselves and carry the wounded. Also, with the help of raincoats stuffed with hay or straw, it was possible to overcome water barriers.

Of these raincoats, tents for personnel for half the squad, and they also equipped awnings, visors, covered huts, open trenches, entrances to dugouts. In addition, the cloths could serve as bedding and blankets. Since 1942, the defense industry began to produce fabrics with double-sided camouflage in order to improve the camouflage properties of the raincoat.

Raincoat tent today

After 1910, the soldiers' raincoats did not change anymore (apart from minor modifications) and survived until the beginning of the 21st century. It is clear that these days they are hopelessly outdated. Nowadays, these are no longer raincoats, and not tents.

So, in the case of putting on in the form of a raincoat, it immediately turns out that in front of the cloth is almost not enough to the knees. Drops flowing from the cloth soon make the knees wet. The angle selected from behind during movement makes it possible to drain water alternately into one or the other boot. If you bend it, then it will drag with a rustle, clinging to anything and getting dirty. The material for the cloth itself is also outdated - it is an ordinary thin tent fabric that does not have a serious water-repellent impregnation. Those who served in the army know that after a couple of hours the raincoat will get wet and will not completely protect from the rain.

Despite the fact that raincoats are currently unable to fulfill the real tasks assigned to them, no one particularly objects to them and does not require updating them with something appropriate that meets today's realities.

To date, raincoat tents are used as:

• Litter while cleaning weapons in the field;
• Litter when firing from a machine gun;
• An impromptu tablecloth when eating in the field;
• For the transfer of bread and other food;
• Stretcher for carrying out swept dry leaves and other rubbish;
• Stretcher for carrying sick or wounded soldiers;
• Bedding on bunks in camping tents;
• Doors in barracks or dilapidated dwellings from shelling;
• Material for closing windows in destroyed dwellings;
• In any other cases when a strong dense fabric is required.

To protect against rain today, the well-known combined arms protective kit (OZK) is more effective.

As often happens, since 1910 no one has been engaged in the modernization of soldiers' raincoats, and such issues are not even raised. And this despite the fact that even during the Second World War, the Wehrmacht had more comfortable, practical raincoat tents made of waterproof tarpaulin. In addition, German raincoats had a double-sided camouflage color and could be used as a camouflage cover. There are also excellent examples of the American "poncho" raincoat.

Raincoat tents - Bundeswehr

Cloak-tents of the 1931 model (Zeltbahn 31) were released as a replacement for earlier square models. Originally they were known as "Verai specimens" (Warei). The tents were triangular panels made of waterproof cotton gabardines, and were used as multi-purpose shelters, bedding to lie on the ground, as well as raincoats. On one side there was a dark camouflage image, on the other - a light one. These camouflage designs are referred to by collectors as "tricolor (brown and two shades of green) splintered camouflage".

Before the end of the war, dark double-sided images were applied to most raincoats. Limited numbers in reed green or light bronze were released for North Africa. However, continental models were widespread.

German tents were 203x250 cm in size, on the side shorter sides there were 12 buttons with loops. The underside had six buttonholes and six small rings. A tightening rope was threaded through them, and 6 more buttons were sewn a little above the buttonholes.

Buttons and loops on the short sides of the tents were used to attach to additional sections of the tents and thus fold a common tent of any size. When the tent was used as a cloak, buttons with loops at the base of the cloth were fastened around the legs. In the middle of the cloth there was a slot for the head. It was covered with two strips of fabric.

As soon as raincoats were introduced, detachable triangular hoods were attached to them, which were soon abolished. With the help of large metal rings at the corners of the tents, it was possible to pull the erected tents using ropes or stakes.

With the help of connected one or two tents, it was possible to form hut-type shelters from the rain. From four connected raincoats, a pyramidal tent could be obtained, in which four soldiers could fit. There were standard methods for building tents for 8-16 people. For this, there was a whole set of tent accessories, which was carried in a bag.

When they used tent panels as raincoats, they used three options for wearing them: on foot, cavalry and scooter. Tents were used as bedding or pillows, and when they were stuffed with hay or branches, they were used as watercraft.

You need two lengths of fabric. Then you can sew two such raincoats.

The Zeltbahn 31 raincoat was a waterproof raincoat made of dense cotton water-repellent fabric and was used everywhere.

Raincoat-tent Zeltbahn 31 had the shape of a triangle 203x203x240 cm, on both sides she had a camouflage coloring like " broken glass”, darker on one side and lighter on the other.62 metal buttons were sewn to it, 31 on each side, and it had 30 loops. In the middle, it had a slot with a double valve.

A simplified, modern version of the Zeltbahn 31:

With the help of loops and buttons, it could be fastened in several ways, thereby creating maximum protection in various conditions.

Four tents could be connected into one large quadruple tent.

In general, it’s rather strange - our army adopted the German bowler hat (the Red Army entered the war with a soldier’s copper bowler hat from the First World War, which was just a saucepan with a bow). Modern Russian army bowler hat exact copy a German bowler hat (and by the way, a Czech-style bowler hat is more convenient than a German one). But the German flask for water - no. And it is more convenient than ours, because. closed with a mug at the top. No need to have a separate mug. The German flat three-light flashlight under the KSF brand was adopted, but the cape was not adopted.

Army Central Clothing Service all the time he invents some kind of backpacks, suitcases, field portable kitchens for 5-10-20 people (who will wear them and how?). And the soldier, just as he dragged his things in an orphan's cider, drags him around, as he gets wet in an outdated raincoat, and he gets wet.

Zeltbahn and Zeltausrüstung (Tent Quarter and Tent Equipment)

Zeltbahn during the First World War was invented by the Austrians, then the Zeltbahn 31 went into service with the Germans and was preserved by the Swedes as the Zeltbahn M39.

The Pattern '31 Raincoat (Zeltbahn 31) was originally known as the "Warei" type and replaced the former pattern, the square Gray Pattern '11 Raincoat.

The new raincoat had a triangular shape, was made of densely woven gabardine, and due to this it was waterproof.

There were three ways to wear a cape as a raincoat: an option for an infantryman, a rider and a cyclist.

Initially, the 31-year-old raincoat was painted in feldgrau (field gray), but by 1939, raincoats with "comminuted" camouflage were used in most military units.

One side of the raincoat was covered with dark camouflage (dunklerer Buntfarbenaufdruck), the other side with light camouflage (hellerer Buntfarbenaufdruck).

By the end of the war, raincoats appeared with dark camouflage on both sides. AT North Africa mainly used the continental version of the cape, there was also a special tropical version, which was painted on both sides in greenish-yellow or light beige, but it was produced in limited quantities.

Two sides of the raincoat of the new sample were 203 cm long, and the third side was 240 or 250 cm. There were 12 buttons and loops along the short sides. Along the wide side were six holes with a steel edging through which a tension rope passed, and six buttons were sewn over the holes.

Buttons and loops on the short sides served to connect several raincoats into one large tent, and the size of the tent depended on the number of combined panels.

When the raincoat was used as a cape, the holes and buttons at the base of the cloth made it possible to fasten the raincoat around the soldier's legs. In the center of the cloth there was a slot for the head, closed by two overlapping flaps.

At first, a fastened hood was issued with a cape, but soon it was no longer used.

In each corner of the cloth there was a large hole, edged with metal, with the help of these holes the tent was fixed with pegs or a rope was passed through them, depending on the type of tent being set up.

One or two raincoats could serve as a simple blanket, four panels connected together made it possible to put up a pyramidal standard four-person tent. In addition, a special illustrated manual for the use of the 31-year-old raincoat tent contained standard designs for eight- and sixteen-person tents.

Standard installation kit tents (Zeltausrustung) included:

1. black two-meter rope (Zeltleine)
2. collapsible wooden pole (Zeltstock)
3. with metal tips (consisting of four parts that connect with each other, each part is 37 cm long)
4. two pegs (Zeltpflocke)

A special bag was designed to carry these items. The bag was sewn from gabardine or thin tarpaulin "comminuted" camouflage, field gray (feldgrau), gray, olive green, greenish yellow (tropical version), brown or beige. From above, the bag was closed with a valve, which was fastened with one or two buttons.

Originally on the bagthere were two leather straps with which the bag was attached to other items of equipment, and then the straps gave way to leather loops.

Tent pegs could have a different shape, light metal alloys, steel or impregnated wood were used for their manufacture. In the upper part of each peg there was a hole through which, if necessary, a rope was threaded to facilitate the extraction of the peg from the ground.

Raincoat - could be worn by attaching with the help of additional. belts to a waist belt, harness, to a satchel or a combat backpack in the form of a roll (with or without a blanket).

Due to an acute shortage of materials, in 1944 raincoats were issued only to selected field units. Other raincoats were used in limited numbers, including captured camouflage Italian models of 1929 and square dirty-olive Soviet ones.

In addition to its main functions as a raincoat and tent cloth, a sample of 31 years old could be used in a number of other cases:

1. as an individual camouflage cape for military personnel and military equipment; as a blanket or pillow;
2. as a floating craft to overcome water obstacles (one or two rolled raincoats stuffed with branches or hay);
3. in the role of an improvised means for carrying the wounded or ammunition in combat conditions;
4. for carrying garbage time of construction work;
5. as a simple field table.

In addition to the above-described raincoat tent of the 31 model, the German army used a number of other army tents of various designs, including special headquarters and medical tents.

Heinrich Hofmann made zelt of 1941 vintage.

The raincoat-tent appeared in the equipment of the Russian soldier a very long time ago.

The raincoat-tent appeared in the equipment of the Russian soldier a very long time ago. The author was unable to trace the moment of appearance of this very interesting piece of equipment. However, it is known for certain that since April 1882, the raincoat has already been an indispensable element of soldier's marching equipment.

True, at that time it was intended only for the role of an individual soldier's tent. The figure shows the equipment of an army infantry soldier of the 1882 model. Among other elements, a light gray bundle of a tent is clearly visible, tied with a belt to an overcoat roll worn by a soldier over his left shoulder. The tent in the kit had wooden pegs and a stand that protruded between the tent and the skating rink.

For that time it was a truly revolutionary decision. For the first time, a soldier received a means of protection from the weather both during rest and on the march. This was very important, because the soldiers' camping tents were transported in the convoy of the second category, which, according to the charter, followed the regiment at a distance of half a day's march, i.e. 20-30 versts. Consequently, earlier, after a day's march, a soldier could get a place to rest and shelter from the rain at best by the middle of the night, and if we take into account the time required for setting up tents, then by morning. Those. by the time the next day's march was to begin. Thus, it turned out that during all the days of the march the soldier was under pressure all the time. open sky and could count on any normal conditions for rest only when the regiment stopped for a daily rest.

The individual tent radically changed the situation. The soldier, having come to the place of lodging for the night, could set up a kind of tent for himself and take cover from the night dampness, rain, coolness, and dew. Having united, three or four people could already make something more like a real tent out of their tents.

Initially, the tent was just a sheet with holes in the corners for installation and was intended to be used only as a tent. The soldiers immediately adapted to cover themselves with a tent from the rain during the march. They themselves began to adapt the tent so that it was convenient to use and as a raincoat. The soldiers' ideas were noticed and appreciated by the authorities, and in 1910 the tent was modernized. Since that time, it has received the official name\"Soldier's raincoat-tent \". In the drawing of a soldier in the uniform of 1912, a roll of a cape with pegs thrust into it is visible tied to an overcoat roll (behind his right arm).

However, since 1910, the soldier's cape has practically not changed (with the exception of minor changes) and has been preserved in this form by the beginning of the 21st century.

Today it is hopelessly outdated. We can say that today it is neither a raincoat nor a tent.

If you put it on like a cape, then it instantly turns out that the front panel does not even reach the knees. The water flowing from the cloth quickly makes the knees wet even if the soldier is standing. The corner turned up at the back ensures that when walking, water flows alternately into the left and right boots. If the corner is turned away, then with a loud rustle he drags himself through the mud behind his back, clinging to all the blades of grass, twigs, etc., and tries to pull the cloak off his shoulders. In addition, the cloth itself is made of ordinary thin tent fabric without any serious water-repellent impregnation, after two or three hours the raincoat gets wet and no longer provides protection from the rain. The picture shows a submachine gunner (seemingly much shorter than average height) in a modern cape with a machine gun in a standing position.

A modern soldier's cape looks like this: A square cloth with a side of 180 cm. Holes are made in the corners of the cloth, sheathed with a strong cord or leather lining. The edges of the cloth are double with a number of small slits and sewn on wooden sticks used as buttons. A figured arc-shaped detail is sewn on the cloth, which, when wearing a raincoat-tent in the form of a raincoat, forms a second layer of protection of the shoulders from water. Closer to one of the edges there is a rectangular slot. covered with plank. This slot allows the soldier to stick one arm out from under the cloak. when all buttons are buttoned. In two places, cords are passed through the cloth, allowing, when pulled together, to form the neck of the cloak and the hood.

The raincoat set includes: 1-panel, 2-two half-racks, 3-sewn cords, 4-four wooden or metal pins.

As a rule, pins, half-racks and sewing cords are instantly lost or frankly thrown away, because at present no one is trying to use a raincoat as a tent. Agree that the construction depicted in the figure of a cloth, a rack, four pins for a modern soldier is hardly acceptable.

With minimal amenities, only a small child can be accommodated in such a tent. And the open side allows the wind to blow into the tent, rain can also get inside. A soldier of modern dimensions, trying to lie down in such a tent, always leaves either his legs or his head outside.

True, the design of the raincoat tent allows you to connect several panels with the help of cords. In this case, it turns out something like a tourist summer tent. However, the raincoat instructions are overly optimistic. For example, she claims that two raincoats make a tent for two people. But this is not a tent, but just a canopy. The minimum required to create a more or less acceptable tent for one person is four sets, and for two or three people six sets. The figure shows a tent of six sets. The manual states that this is a tent for six people. However, my personal experience allows me to assert that two or three people are placed in it. If you cram six people in there, then it will be torture, not rest.

However, despite the fact that the raincoat is currently unable to fulfill the tasks assigned to it for its intended purpose, no one objects to it and does not require its replacement with something more appropriate. The raincoat is used as a bedding when cleaning weapons in the field; bedding when shooting from a machine gun in bad weather conditions so as not to stain uniforms; as an impromptu tablecloth when eating in the field. It is used for carrying bread and other products, dry rations. Raincoat-tent is indispensable for carrying out swept dry leaves and other debris. Cloak-tents cover the bunks in the soldiers' camping tents. They also replace doors in houses dilapidated by the war. They close windows in occupied broken houses (and instead of glass and blackout, and even a grenade thrown through the window will be delayed). But you never know the cases when you need a piece of durable dense fabric.

And for protection from rain, the well-known chemical protection kit (OZK) is much more effective, consisting of rubber stockings, boot covers, worn over any shoes and a rubber raincoat with a hood and sleeves, which, with the help of simple manipulations, turns into a jumpsuit. And they sleep modern soldiers more and more in cars, of which there are almost more in the army than the soldiers themselves. So the usual camping tent is less and less common in soldier's life.

But it would not be bad to work on creating a raincoat that meets modern requirements and is more versatile. For example, in Afghanistan, soldiers wrapped two edges and stitched them with thread. Such a raincoat, having passed two sticks into the resulting fabric tubes, was used as an impromptu stretcher for carrying the wounded. Yes, even you need to increase the size of the panel itself. The average height of a soldier compared to 1909 has increased by at least 20-30 cm.

However, it seems that since 1910 no one has been engaged in the modernization of the soldier's cape and does not want to. But already during the Second World War, the Wehrmacht had much more comfortable, practical raincoats made of waterproof canvas fabric. In addition, the German raincoat had a double-sided camouflage color and could also be used as a camouflage cover. There are excellent examples of the American raincoat-tent type "poncho".

In general, it’s rather strange - our army adopted the German bowler hat (the Red Army entered the war with a soldier’s copper bowler hat from the First World War, which was just a saucepan with a bow). The modern Russian army bowler hat is an exact copy of the German bowler hat (and by the way, the Czech-style bowler hat is more convenient than the German one). But the German flask for water is not. And it is more convenient than ours, because. closed with a mug at the top. No need to have a separate mug. The German flat three-light flashlight under the KSF brand was adopted, but the cape was not adopted. The central clothing service of the army is constantly inventing some kind of backpack bags, suitcase bags, field portable kitchens for 5-10-20 people (who will wear them and how?). And the soldier, just as he dragged his things in an orphan's cider, drags him around, as he gets wet in an outdated raincoat, and he gets wet.

In the picture, a German submachine gunner from the Second World War in a raincoat of the 1931 model (it was forbidden to have a German army, and the authorities were already thinking about how best to dress a soldier of the future Wehrmacht!).

Literature

1. Manual on military engineering for the Soviet Army. Military publishing house. Moscow. 1984

2.I.Ulyanov, O.Leonov. History of Russian troops. Regular infantry. 1698-1801. Moscow. AST.1995.

3. I. Ulyanov. History of Russian troops. Regular infantry. 1801-1855. Moscow. AST.1996.

4. I. Ulyanov, O. Leonov. History of Russian troops. Regular infantry. 1855-1918. Moscow. AST.1998.

5. S. Drobyazko, A Karashchuk. World War II 1939-1945. Russian liberation army. Moscow. AST.1998.

6. S. Drobyazko, I. Savchenkov. World War II 1939-1945. Infantry of the Wehrmacht. Moscow. AST.1999.

The basic personal field equipment of German infantrymen and other foot soldiers consisted of a linked system of items designed to complement each other while in service. Despite the fact that many soldiers wore some kind of special equipment, the basic equipment of all was the same.

At the beginning of the war, the equipment consisted of a leather waist belt, to which a cartridge bag was hung from the front right and left. Magazine bags for small arms of other types, except for rifles (submachine guns, assault rifles), were included with this weapon. Harness belts (adopted for equipment with a new satchel in 1939) were attached to the belt from the back and front at the level of cartridge bags. Thus, an integral set was obtained, consisting of a waist belt, a harness and two cartridge bags. The bread bag was attached to the waist belt at the back on the right, while the flask was worn over the "rusk". The sapper shovel was also located on the belt behind the back, but on the left, over the shovel, a sheath for a bayonet-knife was attached. The gas mask, placed inside a tin cylindrical box, was hung on a separate belt over the left shoulder and fixed on the belt above the bread bag. Several ways of wearing a gas mask were proposed, depending on the specific features of the service. The gas-protective cape was stored in a bag attached to the belt of the gas mask box at chest level. If the soldier did not wear a knapsack, then he attached the bowler hat to the "rusk", next to the flask, or hung it on the harness. The raincoat-tent (combining a cape, overalls and a tent) was usually attached to the harness above the flask.

Such equipment allowed the soldier to act on the battlefield for 24 hours, since it contained ammunition, auxiliary weapons (bayonets), rations, water, a bowler hat and various useful little things. In addition, the equipment included items that made it easier for a soldier to survive on the battlefield: a gas mask, a gas-protective cape, a sapper shovel and a cape.

Soldiers carried additional items of equipment in a combat backpack, introduced shortly before the war. A small bag for additional items was hung from the backpack machine, attached to the harness. A raincoat with accessories was also suspended from the machine, and a bowler hat crowned the entire structure on top. Heavier items were stored in a knapsack, in which soldiers usually carried spare underwear, warm clothes, rations, and personal hygiene items.

The backpack was fixed with shoulder straps to the waist belt. Before the war itself, a satchel model appeared, attached directly to the harness. Such equipment of a soldier was called marching equipment. In addition, the soldiers were given small linen bags where a change of linen was kept. In combat conditions, the soldiers handed over satchels and linen bags to the convoy.

The equipment system was organized in such a way that the unit commander had a lot of room for maneuver - each soldier went on a mission carrying some kind of special equipment. Already during the war, additional elements of equipment were introduced and various ways of wearing it were envisaged - statutory and non-statutory, facilitating the use of equipment in battle.

German infantry in the battles near Kharkov, autumn 1941. In the center of the picture, with his back to us, is the 3rd number of the machine gun crew of the infantry squad. His equipment consists of a bread bag put on clearly behind, a flask and a bowler hat fastened to the "rusk", a cape and a spatula with a bayonet on the left side. In addition to the standard equipment, the soldier also carries a case with two spare barrels and an ammunition box for the MG-34 machine gun. The photo shows that in combat conditions, the soldiers wore their equipment in the way that was more convenient for them, and not as required by the charter.

The field equipment of the Wehrmacht soldiers was comfortable and contained all the items needed in battle. The photo shows an example of wearing equipment; raincoat and bowler hat are attached to the combat backpack machine.

WORKING UNIFORM OF THE GROUND FORCES AND SPECIAL EQUIPMENT OF DESIGNERS

1. German chief corporal in working uniform and cap (sample 1938).
2. Soldier of the engineer battalion of the infantry division. Field uniform arr. 1936. Shoulder straps - military color. Waist belt - a standard sample, with sapper pouches. Scissors for wire cutting - in a leather case. Armament - M24 grenade, P08 Parabellum pistol and plate mines.
3. Sapper-flamethrower in a heat-protective rubberized suit and a helmet with a mask. Armed with a knapsack flamethrower mod. 1935

EQUIPMENT FOR MILITARY PRIESTS, MEDICIANS AND MUSICIANS

1. Military German pastor in casual dress. Officer's cap with purple trim. On the tunic - the Sign for the wound and the pectoral cross.
2. Non-commissioned officer of the medical and sanitary service. Field uniform arr. 1936. On the sleeves - a bandage with a red cross and a badge of a senior specialist. On the waist belt - medical pouches and a flask. On the jacket - ribbon of the Iron Cross 11th class.
3. Platoon signalman. Field uniform arr. 1936 with "swallow's nests" on the shoulders of the jacket. Pilot arr. (1938). Signal horn and drum sticks.

SUMMER FIELD UNITS
1. German non-commissioned officer in a field jacket (sample 1936). On the head is a helmet (sample 1935) with a rim for attaching leaf camouflage. The non-commissioned officer is wearing field glasses, an officer's tablet, a cracker bag, a gas mask, a flask, a raincoat in a roll. The officer is armed with an MP40 submachine gun.
2. German soldier in cotton uniform (sample 1943). There is a cap on the head (sample 1942). Helmet arr. 1942 with rope net. On the belt of the gas mask case is a bag of mosquito cape. Standard infantry equipment with rifle pouches. The soldier is armed with a Mauser K98k carbine.
3. German machine gunner in a jacket arr. 1944 On the head - field cap arr. 1943. On the waist belt - a pouch for accessories to a machine gun. The machine gunner is armed with an MG42 machine gun.

WINTER FIELD EQUIPMENT

1. German soldier in guard overcoat (sample 1941) with leather flaps.
The hat with earflaps is put on a woolen balaclava - "pipe". Insulated winter boots. Rifle pouches on waist belt. The soldier is armed with a Mauser K98k carbine.
2. German soldier in an elongated overcoat (sample 1942) with a fastened hood. Fur-trimmed field cap - non-standard sample. The balaclava-"pipe" covers half of the face. Guard bots. Armament - captured Soviet machine gun PPSh.
3. German soldier in an overcoat (sample 1936). On the helmet is a camouflage cover. Cut-off balaclava. Snow goggles. Winter boots. Standard infantry equipment with rifle pouches. A gas mask and a bag with an antiperitone cape.

UNITS FOR GERMAN OFFICERS AND GENERALS
1. German Lieutenant in a cotton field jacket (sample 1943).
Officer's field cap. Breeches. Binoculars, officer's tablet, officer's waist belt with automatic pouches. On the jacket - Iron Cross 1st class and Sign of the participant in assault attacks. Armament - MP40 submachine gun.
2. Major General in a tunic arr. 1936 General's cap. Breeches with stripes. On the tunic - the Iron Cross 1st class with a buckle in 1939 and the straps of the Iron Cross 2nd class. Cross of Military Merit II class with swords, the so-called "Eastern medal" (for the winter campaign of 1941-1942) and medals for long service.
3. Ober-lieutenant in an overcoat and cap of an officer's sample. Armament - pistol Walter R38.

GERMAN SUMMER CAMOUFLAGE ROUTINES

From left to right:
1. German soldier in mesh camouflage. Field uniform (sample 1943). Helmet arr. 1942 with rope net. Equipment - rifle pouches, a bayonet-knife, a gas mask with an antiperitone cape. The soldier is armed with a Mauser K98k carbine.
2. German soldier in a cape (sample 1931). On the helmet is a camouflage cover. On the waist belt there are automatic pouches with a pocket for the equipment mechanism. Armament - M24 grenade and MP40 submachine gun.
3. German soldier in a camouflage anorak blouse (sample 1942). On the helmet - leaf camouflage. Standard infantry equipment with rifle pouches, small sapper shovel, gas mask. Armament - Mauser K98k carbine and "Panzerfaust" 30 m (type 2).
4. Steel helmet (sample 1942) with wire mesh.

GERMAN WINTER CAMOUFLAGE ROUTINES

1. German non-commissioned officer in a double-sided insulated suit, in a helmet, painted with white paint, with a balaclava - a pipe. Binoculars, flashlight, bowler hat, automatic pouches. Winter boots. Armament - MP40 submachine gun.
2. German soldier in a two-piece winter camouflage suit. For a cap (sample I938). wearing a woolen scarf confiscated from the civilian population. The soldier is armed with M24 and M39 grenades, Mauser K98k carbine.
3. A soldier in a light winter camouflage blouse. A piece of white cloth is attached to the helmet with an elastic band or twine. Headphones. Overcoat arr. 1940 Guard bots. Armament - Mauser K98k carbine.

UNITS FOR OFFICERS OF THE GENERAL STAFF, SIGNALERS AND MOTORCYCLISTS

1. German captain - chief of intelligence of the division (3rd officer of the General Staff). Officer's field jacket (sample 1936 with aiguillette. Cap with raspberry edging. Breeches with raspberry edging. On the jacket - Wound Badge and straps of the Iron Cross II class and the Eastern Medal.
2. German soldier of the telephone and cable company of the communication battalion of the infantry division with a coil of light cable. Field uniform (sample 1936). Pilotka (sample 1938). The edging of shoulder straps and the corner on the cap are military color.
3. Motorcyclist in a rubber raincoat. Steel helmet with goggles. Waist belt with rifle pouches. On the neck there is a gas mask with an antiperitoneal cape.