Lesson topic:Practical work number 3. Drawing up a travel route around the country

Target:Contribute to the formation of ideas about the country; improve the ability to analyze the spatial aspects of the country's economic development; to cultivate interest in the study of countries and geography in general.

Lesson type:learning new material

Equipment: interactive complex, cards, visual aids.

During the classes

I. Organizing time

II. Checking homework

characterize geographical position australia

Reveal the natural resource potential of Australia

List and describe the main attractions of Australia.

III. Updating of basic knowledge

IV. Lesson topic announcement

V. Learning new material

Australian Union- a state in the Southern Hemisphere, occupying mainland Australia, the island of Tasmania and several other islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans; with an area of ​​7,692,024 km² is the sixth largest state in the world. To the north of the Commonwealth of Australia are East Timor, Indonesia and Papua - New Guinea, to the northeast - Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Solomon islands, to the southeast - New Zealand.

The northern and eastern coasts of Australia are washed by the seas of the Pacific Ocean: Arafura, Coral, Tasmanovo, Indian Ocean - Timor; western and southern Indian Ocean. Close to Australia are major islands New Guinea and Tasmania. Along the north east coast Australia has more than 2,000 kilometers of the world's largest coral reef - the Great Barrier Reef.

Australia is one of the developed countries, being the thirteenth largest economy in the world, and has the sixth largest GDP per capita in the world.

Australian flag It is a rectangular panel of blue color, which depicts three elements: the flag of Great Britain (also known as the "Union Jack"), the Commonwealth Star (or Federation Star, aka Hadar) and the constellation of the Southern Cross.

Coat of arms of Australia represents a shield on which, from left to right, the coats of arms of the states are presented: New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. At the bottom of the shield, from left to right: South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania. Above the shield is a seven-sided "Commonwealth Star" or Federation Star above blue and gold wreaths. The six points of the star represent the 6 states, and the seventh represents the totality of the territories and Australia itself. The shield is held by kangaroos and emus.

Main natural wealth countries - mineral resources. Australia's endowment with natural resource potential is 20 times higher than the world average. The country ranks 2nd in the world in terms of bauxite reserves (1/3 of the world reserves and 40% of production), zirconium, 1st in the world in terms of uranium reserves (1/3 of the world) and 3rd (after Kazakhstan and Canada ) for its production: 8022 tons in 2009. The country ranks 6th in the world in terms of coal reserves. It has significant reserves of manganese, gold, diamonds. In the south of the country (the Brownlow field), as well as near the northeastern and northwestern shores there are minor deposits of oil and natural gas in the shelf zone. Due to the fact that two largest cities countries - Sydney and Melbourne could not decide which of them should be the capital, it became the city of Canberra, specially built as the capital on the site of the settlement of Canberry that existed since 1824.

Population: The first European settlers in Australia were British exiles. As of 2007, up to 22% of the Australian population is descended from exiles. The first police force on the continent was a detachment of 12 exiles with good records.

During European colonization, the natives of Tasmania were completely exterminated.

Foreign economic relations

Economy: Australia ranks 20th in the world in terms of total import and export value. The orientation of exports to Japan has grown (1/4 of all exports, 2/5 of exports of minerals, metals and fuels, including 1/2 of coal exports, 2/3 of iron ore), Asia-Pacific countries are becoming Australia's new partners. Among them special place belongs to New Zealand, the exchange with which has acquired a kind of "inter-district" character:

For reasons of environmental safety, it is forbidden to import any products, plants, wood products, leather, fur, soil on the soles of shoes into Australia. In addition, people who have arrived from continental Australia to Tasmania undergo separate environmental control.

Australia itinerary:

1. The Great Barrier Reef is one of the largest coral reef systems in the world. It consists of 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands spread over 2,600

2. Ayers Roxamoe Red Rock

This is a huge mountain - the world's largest solid stone with a height of 348 m, an ancient sacred place of worship for the Australian Aborigines. Cliff is located in the vicinity national park Kata Tiyuta, 450 km from Alice Springs. Here you can

3 Sydney Opera House

4 Great ocean road and 12 Victorian Apostles

The Great Ocean Road is an amazing coastline that will delight every visitor to Australia. The gems of this site are the 12 Victoria Apostles, a series of majestic limestone columns that jut out of the sea.

5 Blue Mountains

The Blue Mountains is an area in New South Wales bordering Sydney and starting about 50 km west of it. The mountains are composed of sandstone and are known for their depressions up to 760 meters deep.

6 national park Cockatoo

Kakadu National Park covers an area of ​​20,000 square kilometers with 4 rivers, many plains, rock formations, hills and valleys. Kakadu is rich in many rare species of flora and fauna that live in their natural environment. Here you can both pitch a tent and spend the night under open sky and stay in mini-hotels

Oddly enough, but parrots have nothing to do with the name of this park. It got its name from the local Kakadu tribe. Uniquely this Australian natural wonder thanks to the rocks and ledges surrounding it from all sides, isolating the park from the outside world.

7 Whitsunday Islands

The Whitsunday Islands are a group of 74 islands that lie off the coast of Queensland and form part of the Greater barrier reef. These islands are one of the most popular tourist destinations Australia.

8 Kangaroo Island

This island, measuring approximately 145 by 50 km, is popular for two reasons. Firstly, it is not far from the mainland, and it is easy to get here. Secondly, here travelers get the widest opportunities to merge with wildlife.

9. Sydney Aquarium

You must definitely go to the Aquarium, as this aquarium is one of the largest in the world. It is incredibly diverse, and one cannot but be delighted with its visit: even a simple walk along the route of the aquarium without stopping at the exhibits takes up to 3.5 hours - this building is so big!

10. Lord Howe Island is one of the oldest volcanic islands in pacific ocean(age about 20 million years), belongs to Australia. The shape of the island resembles a boomerang, stretching from north to south for 10 km and having a width of about 2 km. The island is located in the Tasman Sea, 770 km northeast of the city of Sydney.

11. Whitehaven Beach is located on Whitsunday Island off the east coast of Australia. They say it's the most White beach in the world. The sand is made up of silica, which provides an incredibly light shade. It is so pure that NASA used it to create special telescope lenses. The beach is 7 km long and stretches along coastline the largest of the Whitsunday Islands.

12. Melbourne is the southernmost millionaire city in the world.

13. Red center. You've most likely heard of the red monolith Uluru for which the Australian Red Center is famous. As you know, this monolith is sacred to the indigenous population - at dawn and dusk it reflects the colors of stunning beauty. But you may not know that the same beauty can be seen in the eyes of the locals. In the vast expanses of Australia there are still a great many other sacred and fascinating places. Its cousin Kata Tjuta rises 40 kilometers from Mount Uluru, and not far from Alice Springs you will see the awe-inspiring Kings Canyon.

Five places waiting for you at the Red Center

1 Uluru-Kata-Tjuta National Park

2 Kings Canyon and Watarrka National Park

4 Devil's Balls, Northern Territory

VII d / z to make a comparative description of Iran and Iraq.

VIII. Summarizing

So we are in Turkey. Turkey is an independent republic, partly in Europe and partly in Asia, which has played an important role in world history as a bridge connecting East and West. It attracts tourists from all over the world, thanks to its wonderful weather and climate, warm sea and endless beaches. Tours to Turkey are popular due to the abundance of historical sites. Rest in Turkey is a warm and clear sea, wonderful beaches, as well as a large selection of entertainment. In addition to relaxing on the beaches and active rest tours offer a variety of excursions where you can get acquainted with the unique culture, traditions, customs and history of the country. Turkey is an unusually interesting and beautiful country. Therefore, one moment is not limited here.

Istanbul Istanbul is a city of rich history, with a unique location - shared by the Bosphorus, it is located both in Europe and in Asia. Istanbul The main attraction of the city is the Hagia Sophia. This grandiose temple was built in the years. The sights of Hagia Sophia include the "weeping column" covered with copper (they say that if you put your hand in its hole and make a wish, it will surely come true). Another attraction is the Ahmediye Mosque (gg., "blue mosque"). The walls of Ahmediye are covered with light blue tiles that reflect the sun's rays, which gives it a special charm. It is from here that pilgrims leave for Mecca. The Sultan's Topkapi Palace is one of the biggest attractions in Istanbul. Built in 1466 by order of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. The bridge across the Bosphorus, which connected the European and Asian coasts of Turkey, has become another symbol of this country. It is the fourth longest bridge in the world. Not far from Istanbul is the Turkish "Disneyland" - the largest in Europe and the fourth largest amusement park in the world Tatilla

Ankara Ankara is the capital and second largest city of the country. Now it is a city of ministries and embassies, universities and medical centers, as well as a winemaking center and a large transport node countries.Ankara historical center The tower of Ak Kale ("White Castle"), surrounded by a double wall, is considered to be the city's tower, along which one can trace the turbulent history of Ankara. Another symbol of the city is the Haji-Bayram mosque (XV century), built next to the ruins famous temple Augustine and Roma, on the walls of which sketches from Roman history and a list of the acts of Augustus are carved. The real place of pilgrimage for local residents is the majestic building of the Ataturk mausoleum (1953). The sarcophagus of the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal, the first ruler of the country, is kept here.

The tourist capital of the Turkish Mediterranean is Antalya, which attracts tourists with its rich historical heritage and unique nature. According to UNESCO, this area is recognized as one of the most ecologically clean places on the planet. Antalya One of the symbols of the city is Hadrian's Gate, erected in honor of the visit of the city by the Roman emperor Hadrian in 130 BC. e. There are many ancient monuments in Antalya, of which the "symbol of Antalya" is especially good - the Yivli minaret built by the Seljuk Turks, as well as the Eski Jami mosque, built on the model of the Byzantine church in 1373, the tombstones of the wife of Sultan Bayazed II and Mehmet Bey, the former the monastery of "dancing dervishes" Mevlevikhane with an exhibition of contemporary art, and the Cut Minaret, destroyed by lightning at one time. At the exit from Antalya to Kemer, there is a wonderful water park "Aqualand" - the oldest of Antalya's water parks, designed for 1500 people and built according to world standards on an area of ​​40 thousand square meters. m.

Belek, located between Antalya and Side, is considered the recognized golf center of the region. Located in close proximity to the ruins of the ancient cities of Perge, Aspendos and Side, and has a number of first-class hotel complexes surrounded by pine, cedar and eucalyptus forests. Belek must visit the magnificent cypress-eucalyptus national park-reserve"Koprulu Canyon" with an area of ​​500 hectares. In the reserve there is an opportunity for mountaineering, horseback riding and all kinds of water activities, but the most popular is rafting on the mountain river Kupruchay.

Welcome to Egypt! Egypt is one of the few Islamic states open to tourism. This wonderful country pharaohs and pyramids, ancient monuments and interesting museums, excellent beaches and the Red Sea, rich in corals and outlandish fish, never ceases to attract tourists from all over the world. Every year traveling to Egypt is becoming more and more popular. More than 5 million people visit it every year. Let's get acquainted with the features of this country.

Cairo Here you will see the openwork minarets of the Mohammed Ali Mosque and the Mosque of Sultan Kalan. AT Egyptian Museum you will be greeted by a national collection ten times richer and more complete than in the British Museum. You can make unforgettable excursions to the papyrus and jewelry factories, as well as to the Perfume Museum. You will see a giant aqueduct from the Nile to the Citadel, the Beit Al Sennar tower and the building of the oldest Arab university, Al-Azhar.

Giza" Business card"Egypt - pyramids. There are about a hundred pyramids here - large and small, stepped and with smooth sides, which have come down to us almost unchanged and look more like a shapeless pile of stones. They are located along the left, western bank of the Nile in small groups. The most famous of the pyramids - on the outskirts of Cairo, on the edge of the desert plateau of Giza, hanging over the green valley of the Nile.Here, in Giza, and there are three great pyramids - Cheops, Khafre and Menkaure.At the foot of the Giza plateau are funerary temples and the Great Sphinx.

Port Said is a very young city by Egyptian standards. Located 200 km northeast of the country's capital, it was built in the middle of the last century along with the Suez Canal, at its northern entrance. Port Said is a kind of sea gate of Egypt. AT National Museum in Port Said, samples of the material culture of the Egyptians from pre-pharaonic times to the present day are presented.

Greece is a country of heroes and gods, unprecedented architectural monuments and simple friendly people. As the popular saying goes - "Greece has everything!". Let's turn to its attractions.

Athens The capital of the Greek state bears the name of the ancient Greek goddess of wisdom and knowledge - Athens. It is a city of surprises and contrasts, beautiful and diverse, always smiling. In architecture and art, styles of different eras and directions are harmoniously intertwined. In whatever part of the city you are, the majestic Acropolis is visible from everywhere, with its magnificent temples and a museum where authentic masterpieces of ancient Greek sculpture are kept. Parthenon Temple - a stunning architectural masterpiece built according to the drawings of Phidias, is famous for its perfect and flawless contours The Theater of Herodes Atticus is located to the west of the Theater of Dionysus. The semi-circular stage is characteristic of the Roman era, since the stages in Greek theaters are round. Olympeion (temple of the gods of Olympus) - the ruins of the majestic temple of Zeus, from which fifteen columns remained. Argolis is the northeastern region of the Peloponnese peninsula. Your path along the national road leads to the Corinth Canal, where you can admire this grandiose building of the late last century.

Austria is a fairly compact country, but it has a variety of landscapes and a variety of cultural heritage. majestic cities, charming villages, soaring mountains, rolling plains, royal resorts mineral waters, alpine lakes - all this creates a picturesque picture. Let's get acquainted with its capital.

A tourist who first came to Vienna, first of all, rushes to Stephansplatz - St. Stephen's Square with the famous cathedral, after which it is named. St. Stephen's Cathedral is the symbol of Vienna, and St. Stephen is the patron saint of the Austrian capital. The cathedral is over 800 years old. majestic complex imperial palace Hofburg (XIII XIX centuries) accommodates a number of government organizations of the country and the OSCE. The Spanish Riding School is located in the palace. Belvedere, built by Lucas von Hildebrandt as a summer residence for one of the greatest commanders of his time, Prince Eugene of Savoy, was once located outside the city walls. Schönbrunn Schönbrunn - the summer residence of the Habsburgs - is also among the must-sees.

A well-planned travel itinerary is the foundation of any independent travel! How well you plan your itinerary independent travel depend on your expenses, and your comfort, and your impressions. It does not matter where you are going - to one country or several at once ... For a European vacation, for Asian exoticism or from the capital to the village to your grandmother ... The main thing is to know where to start and take into account all the important nuances. If you have good route travels- the trip will be successful!

In this article, we will not touch on an autotrip (traveling by car) - this is a big topic for a separate article with its own subtleties and nuances...

So, where to start travel itinerary?

For starters, don't get hung up and don't consider it a law that must be strictly enforced. Nothing good will come of it if you plan your trip too carefully, planning every kilometer and every minute of the trip... Why?

Firstly, you will never be able to follow an overly planned route. It's impossible!

Travel is like marriage. The main misconception is to think that you have everything under control... John Steinbeck

Your route, for sure, will change several times in the process of compiling it, and with a high degree of probability - in the process of traveling. And this is good!

Secondly, You will not get pleasure from such a planned trip. After all, you see, it's not too exciting to have sex strictly on Tuesday at 23:00 and on Saturday at exactly 15:00... In a journey, as in sex, there must be a share of spontaneity, fantasy and impromptu! Only then will you enjoy it.

But, you still have to plan the main stages and take into account important nuances ...

Good travel itinerary. Stages of compilation

Deadlines, estimated dates and budget.

Decide when and for how long you want to go on a trip and how much are you willing to spend on it? And remember - you can travel for almost any money!

Our experience: We spent absolutely identical amounts in ruble equivalent on two completely different trips (including flights, transport, hotels and meals) ... 10 days honeymoon in the Maldives(with one round-trip flight) in 2008 and almost 3 months in Asia with two children via Hong Kong, Philippines (Manila and Mindoro), Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur and Langkawi), Thailand (Ao Nang, Krabi) and Istanbul (6 flights, ferry, buses, etc.) in 2014. Both of these trips, and made with a difference of 6 years, cost us about 150 thousand rubles. Accordingly, the first trip cost 15,000 rubles a day for two, the second - almost 10 times cheaper for four!!!

How longer journey the cheaper it will cost per day.

Destination.

Decide where you want to go? What are you dreaming about? Travel all over Europe or visit all the sights of Paris? Explore the whole Yugo East Asia or spend a week in Tibet? enjoy the beaches Caribbean or the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia? Whatever your dream is, it's your dream and it can be achieved!

Open the World map and the Internet. At this stage, you will already have a preliminary travel itinerary. You will decide on the country/countries and cities.

Be sure to ask on the Internet about the climate and weather in the region for the selected dates, so as not to fall into the "rainy season" and not to hide in the hotel building from a tropical downpour or hurricane.

Visas.

In most Asian countries, you do not need to apply for a visa in advance - it is issued automatically upon arrival, on average, for a period of two weeks to a month. But in most European countries you will need a "Schengen visa".

In any case, before traveling, be sure to find out the current visa requirements of the countries you are interested in. The most reliable way to do this is on the websites of consulates and official visa centers.

When traveling to Europe, choose the country of the first entry or the longest stay of those countries in which it is easier to apply for and obtain a "Schengen" visa. For example: Finland, Czech Republic, Spain...

How to get there?

There are many ways to travel! By car or hitchhiking, by bus or train, and of course by plane... Plane is the most popular option. And, when searching for air tickets to the destination, the traveler will be very helpful Aviasales- a search aggregator site that will find the cheapest air tickets around the world for you! Moreover, absolutely is free!

Look for tickets in advance. When searching for air tickets, try to change the dates, cities and airports of departure and arrival. Use "Low price calendar" and "Map of low prices". Tickets purchased months in advance, departing mid-week and arriving at a nearby airport, may be many times cheaper!

You can read more about all the nuances of buying tickets in a separate article: How to buy cheap flights?

Sometimes, when visiting several countries, it makes sense to look directly at the websites of low-cost airlines in search of promotions ... There are many low-cost low-cost airlines in Europe and Asia. And a plane ticket to a neighboring country can very often be purchased for literally 10 euros!

When moving around the country or in neighboring countries one region, do not forget about other transport besides airplanes ... High-speed rail communication is very developed in Europe (for example, TGV trains). And in Asia, you can get anywhere very cheaply. on buses and ferries.

We traveled wonderfully, quickly and inexpensively from Amsterdam to Paris in Europe. And in Asia (Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines) they used ferries and buses more than once - to get from Manila to Mindoro Island, to get from Bangkok to Pattaya or Koh Chang, to get from Langkawi to Thailand to Krabi and Ao Nang. .. But initially getting to the main destination is faster and more convenient by plane...

At these stages, your travel itinerary will most likely be adjusted. It will be affected by ticket prices, departure dates, and maybe visa requirements.

Our experience: When we were going to Thailand(Bangkok, Pattaya, Koh Chang island) and picked up tickets Emirates airlines with a change in Dubai, we learned about an airline service called "Stop in Dubai" (Dubai Stopover) . As part of this Emirates service, you can get a UAE short-stay visa, hotel and transfer at a very good discount. Accordingly, we decided to use the service "Stop in Dubai" (Dubai Stopover) and on the way back from Thailand spent one unforgettable day in dubai.

Our experience: When we were planning a trip to Amsterdam and Paris, we found out that it was very cheap to fly to Amsterdam from Helsinki, and it turned out to be much easier to get a Finnish visa than a French one... And flights from Paris to Moscow turned out to be much cheaper not directly, but through Berlin... As a result, we also visited Helsinki and Berlin.

Attractions.

Where do you want to go, where to go and what to see? This is the most interesting and exciting stage of the travel itinerary. When planning, you will already learn a lot about the culture and history of the country, its cuisine, nature, beautiful places and sights... And anticipation, as you know, increases appetite even more...

At this stage, it is very important not only to choose places and attractions, but to find out how they work, how much it costs to visit and how to get to them! Oh, and don't go after all the sights or the most popular... Choose the sights that interest you the most. And when drawing up a route for visiting them, try to mark the sights on the map and move towards them sequentially, and not rush back and forth from one corner of the city or country to another.

Our experience: Three days in Paris during our trip to Europe, we planned as follows: one day for one half of the city, the second day for the other half, and the third for Disneyland in the suburbs of Paris. As a result, we certainly erased our heels, but without hurrying anywhere we saw absolutely everything we wanted, having missed only one single attraction from the planned ones.

When planning your trip, be sure to check holidays in the country of visit. An unexpected event can drastically break all the plans of even an experienced traveler... A major Catholic, Muslim or Buddhist holiday can turn into interesting festive events, as well as a completely "dead" infrastructure with closed shopping centers, shops, banks, exchange offices, restaurants and even pharmacies!

Our experience: Twice, completely unexpectedly for us, we found ourselves in such a situation in Warsaw - on the Catholic holiday of the "Three Kings" and on Easter Eve ... shopping centers, the inability to eat at a restaurant and even exchange money ...

Hotel selection.

You can stay in another country, of course, not only in a hotel... It can be free couchsurfing, and apartments on airbnb, or renting a house... But the cheapest, most reliable and convenient way, in our opinion, is a hotel reservation on search engine sites Hotellook or Room Guru . Just enter your request in the search form and get the most profitable offer by hotel...

Public transport.

How to move around the city/country/countries? Be sure to search the Internet for information in advance! Otherwise, already being in another country, you will not know anything: neither how to get there, nor where to buy tickets, nor how much they should cost, how to save money...

Now your travel itinerary is already becoming something solid and complete... It's time to move on to insurance...

Insurance.

Insurance is probably the most inexpensive, but the most significant component of any trip. Some 10 dollars spent on insurance can save you tens of thousands of dollars spent on medical care, save your nerves, time, health and even life!

When searching for any information on the Internet, use only reliable sources. These are the official websites of ministries of tourism and websites of consulates different countries Peace. These are travel blogs of travelers with reports on real trips, Wikipedia, some forums (for example, Vinsky's forum) or good travel portals. Beware of many forums and some even large portals (not to mention small sites), where the same unreliable and irrelevant copywriting information from authors who have never been anywhere is often reprinted ...

Check out our page with secret information for travelers. There you will find links to the best and useful services for travelers, discounts and great deals...

You can also use our new section Sales where you can find very good deals on flights, hotels and insurance and put them together...