About 60 species of fish live in Lake Ladoga, of which 30 are of commercial importance. Ladoga is a predominantly salmon reservoir. Salmonids include almost all valuable commercial fish: salmon, trout, char, vendace. Other valuable fish include whitefish, grayling and smelt. About one third of the species living in the lake are cyprinids - roach, ide, bream, syrt. Most species live in the lake permanently, and only some of them, such as Baltic sturgeon, Baltic salmon, Neva lamprey, sea eel, sometimes enter Ladoga from the Baltic and Gulf of Finland. In the past, sterlet was found in Lake Ladoga, now it is gone. Behind last years new fish appeared in the lake - carp and peled. Carp came from Lake Ilmen, where it was released in 1952-1953, and peled - from the lakes of the Karelian Isthmus, where it has been bred since 1958. Local lake salmon is an exceptionally valuable fish. Its weight reaches 10 kg. Best Places salmon fisheries are located in the northern part of the lake. However, fishing has been banned since 1960, as the salmon herd is recovering very slowly. The reason for the slow resumption is a sharp deterioration in spawning conditions; rivers are littered with timber rafting, Vuoksa is polluted, poachers cause great damage on Stormy, Svir is blocked by hydroelectric dams.

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Ladoga lake. Interdisciplinary project "ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF LADOGA LAKE". Subjects: ecology, biology, chemistry, geography.

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PROBLEMS OF LADOGA LADOGA» Subjects: ecology, biology, chemistry, geography. The purpose of the project: to study the degree of water pollution of Lake Ladoga, identify the causes of pollution, propose measures to improve the ecological state of the reservoir with the involvement of environmental organizations.

Working in a team of 6 people. Preparation of the layout of Ladoga as a visual aid for the lessons of ecology, geography. Preparation of a theoretical substantiation of the issue (study of the history and geography of the lake, biological and chemical-ecological aspects of the life of the reservoir).

Stage 1: study of specialized literature, information from the Internet, personal trips to Ladoga, photographing the lake and the surrounding nature. Stage 2: identification of sources of pollution and description of environmental activities in the territory of Lake Ladoga (presentation). Stage 3: organization and presentation at the city interactive event “Save natural heritage!” dedicated to Earth Day.

The environmental situation on Ladoga was proposed to eliminate garbage dumps on the territory of Lake Ladoga, to install containers. local enterprises were invited to install smoke detectors and treatment facilities.

Lake Ladoga About 600 industrial enterprises (Volkhov chemical plant, boiler houses, petrochemical plants, as well as vehicles, burning landfills), including pulp and paper mills (Syask pulp and paper mill, Svetogorsk and Priozersky (closed in 1986) paper mills) and several hundred agricultural enterprises discharge industrial effluents into Ladoga and its tributaries. Ladoga is considered a moderately polluted body of water, it has been assigned class III.

Volkhov Chemical Plant MorozovskyChemical Plant on the map Okhta Chemical Plant

Chemical plant When the Volkhov aluminum plant was being built, no one was worried about the problem of Ladoga. Moreover, it was believed that nitrogen and phosphorus are food for algae, and therefore for everything that lives in the lake. They did not think about the problems of eutrophication then, but it was nitrogen and phosphorus that brought the lake to the brink of death. In the late 80s and early 90s, the Volkhov Stream annually brought “water” to Ladoga, each liter of which contained 45 milligrams of phosphates, 12.5 milligrams of sulfates, 0.21 milligrams of fluorine ... Such a “gift” is capable of killing all living things. It is estimated that about 7,000 tons of phosphorus enter the lake every year.

Chemical plant Fluoroplast is a polymeric material obtained by chemical means. Fluoroplastic contains fluorine atoms, due to which it has high chemical resistance. The strongest oxidizing agents do not affect it even at high temperatures. Fluoroplastic is poorly soluble or insoluble in many organic solvents, insoluble in water and not wetted by it. Fluoroplast is intended for the manufacture of products and films with high dielectric properties, resistance to strong aggressive environments and operating at temperatures up to plus 260 degrees Celsius.

Plant "Ladoga" Trailer Company on the map Sredne-Nevsky Shipbuilding Plant

Trailers Products: Tank trucks for transportation of gasoline and diesel fuel. Tank trucks with thermal insulation for transportation of fuel oil, bitumen, oil. Tank semi-trailers for transportation of gasoline and diesel fuel. Tank semi-trailers for transportation of oil, fuel oil, bitumen. .Aluminum tank semi-trailers for the transportation of gasoline and diesel fuel.

The plant At present, the plant is building missile boats, minesweepers, passenger and work vessels for various purposes and is preparing for the large-scale construction of a new generation of anti-mine ships. It is the main pollutant of Ladoga with oil products.

The ichthyofauna of Lake Ladoga is represented by 14 families: lamprey, sturgeon, salmon, grayling, smelt, pike, carp, loach, catfish, eel, cod, stickleback, perch and sculpin. There are 53 all types and varieties of fish in Ladoga.

Skerries off the northwestern and northern shores of Lake Ladoga. Until 2009 it was nature Park, and on this moment it is considered a national park.

Correctly say: do not spit in the well. “Lake Ladoga may soon become unsuitable for drinking water supply,” the head of Vodokanal SPb believes. “Ladoga is the only source of drinking water supply for St. Petersburg.” And not only for St. Petersburg. In total, it supplies drinking water to approximately 15-20 million people. The draft law "On the protection of Lake Ladoga" for the second time reached the State Duma. Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi. The first Russian painter who painted a picture of Lake Ladoga in 1873 A.I. Kuindzhi

Was selected from the sites: Worked on the project: Students: Gudzyk N. Shevchenko A. Zimarina A. Romanova N. Ershova A. Yanush S. Ermakov P. Supervisor: Balysheva I.L. www.moominclub.ru Ladoga-art.html. Ladoga-park.ru\content www.ecosystema.ru

Ladoga lake

Completed by: Nesterova Irina 21shk

Lake Ladoga is a unique natural system in the North-West of Russia.

Initially, the lake was called Nevo. But since this name characterized the main water artery of St. Petersburg, it was decided to rename it to Ladoga.

Features of Lake Ladoga

Ladoga lake- the largest in Europe. The Neva River flows out of it, flowing into the Gulf of Finland. Baltic Sea. The basin of the lake is of glacial origin. About 12 thousand years ago, she finally freed herself from ice. And now seals continue to live in the lake, who liked its natural conditions.

Features of Lake Ladoga

The area is more than 18 thousand square meters. km. The endless expanses of the lake resemble the sea. In its open part, no shores are visible, and strong winds often turn it into a raging element, more insidious than some of the seas.

The greatest length of Lake Ladoga is 219 km, and the average width is about 83 km. Average depth - 50 m.

Climate

The climate over Lake Ladoga is temperate, transitional from temperate continental to temperate maritime.

There are an average of 62 per year sunny days. Therefore, for most of the year, days with cloudy, overcast weather and diffused lighting prevail.

Lake Ladoga is a pantry of solar energy

It can be called without exaggeration. solar energy, penetrating into the water column, sets in motion the water masses of the lake. Even in short periods of calm, when the surface of Ladoga is mirror-fixed, at depth there is a movement of water masses both horizontally and vertically.

This phenomenon contributes to the redistribution of heat in Ladoga, the gradual enrichment of ever deeper layers with it. The accumulation of solar heat and its distribution in water during the day, season, year determines the temperature regime of the lake.

Day length

It changes from 5 hours 51 minutes on the winter solstice to 18 hours 50 minutes on the summer solstice. The so-called "white nights" are observed over the lake, coming on May 25-26, when the sun drops below the horizon by no more than 9 °, and the evening twilight practically merges with the morning ones. The white nights end on July 16-17.

Rivers

35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga the largest river, which flows into it, is the Svir River, which brings water into it from Lake Onega. Water also enters the lake through the Vuoksa River from Lake Saimaa, and through the Volkhov River from Lake Ilmen. The Morier, Avloga, Burnaya rivers also flow into it.

Islands of Lake Ladoga

There are about 660 islands on Lake Ladoga with a total area of ​​435 km², most of them are concentrated in the northern part of the lake, in the so-called skerry region, as well as in the Valaam (about 50 islands), Western archipelagos and the Mantsinsari group of islands (about 40 islands). Most major islands- Riekkalansari, Mantsinsari, Kilpola, Tulolansari, Valaam, Konevets.

Putsaari is an almost uninhabited island in Lake Ladoga.

Lighthouse on Sukho Island in Lake Ladoga.

The most famous on Lake Ladoga are the Valaam Islands - an archipelago of about 50 islands with an area of ​​\u200b\u200babout 36 km², due to the location of the Valaam Monastery on the main island of the archipelago. Also known is the island of Konevets, on which the monastery is also located.

Island in Lake Ladoga.

Animal world shores and lake bottom of Lake Ladoga

In recent years, cubs of the Ladoga ringed seal have often been found on the shores of Lake Ladoga. The species is listed in the Red Book.

At the bottom of Lake Ladoga there are 385 species of invertebrates, therefore, this fauna is quite diverse. Most species are in the littoral zone (about 290).

Much less - in the deep part (about 80).

The benthic fauna is dominated by insect larvae (52% of all species of benthic fauna), worms (17%) are in second place, hydracarines or water mites are in third (14%), mollusks are in fourth (9.3%), fifth place belongs to crustaceans (4.5%); other groups of animals - 4.3%.

Fish of Lake Ladoga

About 60 species of fish live in Lake Ladoga, of which 30 are of commercial importance. Most of the species live in the lake permanently, and only some of them, such as the Baltic sturgeon, Baltic salmon, Neva lamprey, sea eel, sometimes enter Ladoga from the Baltic and the Gulf of Finland. In recent years, new fish have appeared in the lake - carp and peled.

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Lake Ladoga (also Ladoga; historical name - Nevo) - a lake in Karelia (northern and east coast) and -Leningrad region (western, southern and southeastern coast), the largest freshwater lake in Europe. Belongs to the Baltic Sea basin Atlantic Ocean. The area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe lake without islands is from 17.6 thousand km² (with islands 18.1 thousand km²), the volume of the water mass is 908 km³; length from south to north - 219 km, maximum width - 138 km

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The depth varies unevenly: in the northern part it ranges from 70 to 230 m, in the southern part - from 20 to 70 m. On the shores of Lake Ladoga there are the cities of Priozersk, Novaya Ladoga, Shlisselburg in the Leningrad region, Sortavala, Pitkyaranta, Lahdenpokhya in Karelia. 35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and only one - the Neva - originates.

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Climate

The climate over Lake Ladoga is temperate, transitional from temperate continental to temperate maritime. There are an average of 62 sunny days per year. Therefore, during most of the year, days with cloudy, overcast weather and diffused lighting prevail.

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The length of the day varies from 5 hours 51 minutes at the winter solstice to 18 hours 50 minutes at the summer solstice. The so-called "white nights" are observed over the lake, coming on May 25-26, when the sun drops below the horizon by no more than 9 °, and the evening twilight practically merges with the morning ones. The white nights end on July 16-17.

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35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga. The largest river that flows into it is the Svir River, which carries water into it from Lake Onega. Water also enters the lake through the Vuoksa River from Lake Saimaa, and through the Volkhov River from Lake Ilmen. The Morier, Avloga, Burnaya rivers also flow into it.

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Svir river

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There are about 660 islands on Lake Ladoga

The most famous on Lake Ladoga are the Valaam Islands - an archipelago of about 50 islands with an area of ​​\u200b\u200babout 36 km², due to the location of the Valaam Monastery on the main island of the archipelago. Also known is the island of Konevets, on which the monastery is also located.

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Valaam Islands Valaam Monastery.

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Flora and fauna

The northern and eastern shores of Lake Ladoga belong to the middle taiga subzone, while the southern and western coasts belong to the southern taiga subzone. The middle taiga is characterized by blueberry spruce forests without undergrowth, with a dense forest stand and a continuous cover of shiny green mosses. In the subzone of the southern taiga, dark coniferous species with undergrowth dominate, where linden, maple, and elm are sometimes found, a grass layer appears with the participation of oak grasses, and the moss cover is less developed than in the middle taiga. The most characteristic type of forest is sorrel spruce forests.

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The lake is rich in freshwater fish, which go to the rivers to spawn. 53 species and varieties of fish live in Lake Ladoga: Ladoga slingshot, salmon, trout, char, whitefish, vendace, smelt, bream, cheese, blue bream, silver bream, rudd, asp, catfish, pike perch, roach, perch, pike, burbot and others .

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In the Ladoga area, 256 species of birds belonging to 17 orders are regularly found. More than 50 species of birds were recorded here during the transit migration in spring and autumn. The migration links of the Ladoga region cover the space from Iceland to India and from South Africa to New Earth. The most attractive territories for birds are the southern Ladoga region.

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Here on migration one can meet swans, geese, ducks, waders, gulls, terns, cranes and shepherds, as well as nesting nests of river ducks, tufted ducks, red-headed pochards, gulls, terns, curlews, black-tailed godwit, herbalist, golden plover and others waders, gray crane, white-tailed eagle, osprey, red-footed falcon, eagle owl, gray owl, short-eared owl and a number of other birds

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The lake is navigable, it is part of the waterway, which is part of the Volga-Baltic waterway and the White Sea-Baltic Canal. The most intensive movement of ships is carried out in the south of the lake from the river. Lake Ladoga, despite the cold water even in summer, attracts many vacationers: there are good beaches from the Neva to the Svir River.

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• Lake Ladoga is the largest freshwater lake in Europe, with a length of 219 km and a maximum width of 138 km. The northern and eastern parts of the reservoir belong to Karelia. Western, Southeastern and South coast Lake Ladoga is located in the Leningrad region. The lake holds 908 km³ of water. Replenishment water resources occurs mainly due to 35 inflowing rivers. Only one river flows out of Ladoga - the Neva.

• For Russia, Ladoga has always been of strategic importance: an important part of the waterway "from the Varangians to the Greeks" passed through its open spaces in the 9th century. A documentary mention of the “great Lake Nevo” (as Lake Ladoga was called in the old days) is first found in the Old Russian chronicle dated 1228. The first capital before Kievan Rus was located near the confluence of the Volkhov River into Lake Ladoga.

• The bottom of Ladoga to this day keeps numerous interesting and valuable artifacts belonging to different time periods. The ancient Vikings, soldiers of the Northern and Great Patriotic War. Of course, first of all, Lake Ladoga hides traces of the Second World War. A vivid example of this is "Death Bay". In this place in August 1941 there was an urgent evacuation of rifle and motorized Soviet divisions. For two weeks, under fierce artillery and mortar fire, the ships were removed from the shore of the fighters. The small bay was literally bombarded with shells. Until now, the entire bottom of the lake is covered with a layer of shells, shell fragments and iron.

• Many sites near Lake Ladoga have been preserved in their original beauty. In the picturesque faults of harsh rocks, peeps ancient history this edge. Islands, rocky shoals, mountain slopes covered with pine forests were once covered by the waters of a prehistoric sea that stretched north to the ocean.