The Titanic is a British steamship operated by the White Star Line, one of three Olympic-class twin ships. largest passenger liner world at the time of its construction. During the first voyage on April 14, 1912, she collided with an iceberg and sank after 2 hours and 40 minutes. There were 1,316 passengers and 892 crew members on board, for a total of 2,208 people. Of these, 704 people survived, more than 1,500 died. The Titanic disaster became legendary and was one of the largest shipwrecks in history. Several feature films have been shot on its plot.

Statistics

General information:

• Port of registry - Liverpool.
• Board number - 401.
• The call sign is MGY.
• Ship dimensions:
• Length - 259.83 meters.
• Width - 28.19 meters.
• Weight - 46328 tons.
• Displacement - 52310 tons.
• The height from the waterline to the boat deck is 19 meters.
• From the keel to the top of the pipe - 55 meters.
• Draft - 10.54 meters.

Technical data:

• Steam boilers - 29.
• Waterproof compartments - 16.
• Maximum speed - 23 knots.

Rescue equipment:

• Standard boats - 14 (65 places).
• Collapsible boats - 4 (47 seats).

Passengers:

• I class: 180 men and 145 women (including 6 children).
• II class: 179 men and 106 women (including 24 children).
• III class: 510 men and 196 women (including 79 children).

Team members:

• Officers - 8 people (including the captain).
• Deck crew - 66 people.
• Engine room - 325 people.
• Service staff - 494 people (including 23 women).
• In total, there were 2201 people on board.

officers

• Captain - Edward J. Smith
• Chief Officer – Henry F. Wild
• First Mate – William M. Murdoch
• Second Officer – Charles G. Lightoller
• Third Mate - Herbert J. Pitman
• Fourth Mate – Joseph G. Boxhall
• Fifth Mate – Harold P. Lowe
• 6th Mate – James P. Moody

Building
It was laid down on March 31, 1909 at the shipyards of the Harland and Wolf shipbuilding company in Queens Island (Belfast, Northern Ireland), launched on May 31, 1911, and passed sea trials on April 2, 1912.

Specifications
height from the keel to the tops of the pipes - 53.3 m;
engine room - 29 boilers, 159 coal furnaces;
The unsinkability of the ship was ensured by 15 watertight bulkheads in the hold, creating 16 conditionally "watertight" compartments; the space between the bottom and the flooring of the second bottom was divided by transverse and longitudinal partitions into 46 watertight compartments.

Bulkheads
Watertight bulkheads, marked from bow to stern with the letters "A" to "P", rose from the second bottom and passed through 4 or 5 decks: the first two and the last five reached deck "D", eight bulkheads in the center of the liner reached only the deck "E". All bulkheads were so strong that they had to withstand significant pressure when getting a hole.
The Titanic was built to stay afloat if any two of its 16 watertight compartments, any three of the first five compartments, or all of the first four compartments were flooded.
The first two bulkheads in the bow and the last in the stern were solid, all the rest had sealed doors that allowed the crew and passengers to move between compartments. On the flooring of the second bottom, in the bulkhead "K", there were the only doors that led to the cooling chamber. On decks "F" and "E" in almost all bulkheads there were airtight doors connecting the rooms used by passengers, all of them could be battened down both remotely and manually, using a device located directly on the door and from the deck to which it reached bulkhead. To batten down such doors on the passenger decks, a special key was required, which was available only to the senior stewards. But on deck "G" there were no doors in the bulkheads.
In the bulkheads "D" - "O", directly above the second bottom in the compartments where the machines and boilers were located, there were 12 vertically closed doors, they were controlled by an electric drive from the navigation bridge. In case of danger or accident, or when the captain or watch officer deemed it necessary, electromagnets released the latches on a signal from the bridge and all 12 doors fell under their own gravity and the space behind them turned out to be hermetically closed. If the doors were closed by an electric signal from the bridge, then it was possible to open them only after removing the voltage from the electric drive.
In the ceiling of each compartment was a spare hatch, usually leading to the boat deck. Those who did not have time to leave the room before the doors closed could climb its iron ladder.

boats
In formal accordance with the current requirements of the British Merchant Shipping Code, the ship had 20 lifeboats, which were enough to board 1178 people, that is, for 50% of the people on board at that moment and 30% of the planned load. This was taken into account with the expectation of increasing the walking space on the deck of the passengers of the ship.

Decks
On the Titanic there were 8 steel decks located one above the other at a distance of 2.5-3.2 m. The uppermost one was a boat deck, under it there were seven others, indicated from top to bottom with letters from “A” to “G”. Only decks "C", "D", "E" and "F" stretched along the entire length of the vessel. The boat deck and the "A" deck did not reach either the bow or the stern, and the "G" deck was located only in the front of the liner - from the boiler rooms to the bow and in the aft - from the engine room to the stern cut. On the open boat deck there were 20 lifeboats, along the sides there were promenade decks.
Deck "A" with a length of 150 m was almost entirely intended for first-class passengers. Deck "B" was interrupted at the bow, forming an open space above deck "C", and then continued in the form of a 37-meter bow superstructure with anchor handling equipment and a mooring device. In front of deck "C" there were anchor winches for the two main side anchors, there was also a galley and a dining room for sailors and stokers. Behind the bow superstructure there was a promenade (the so-called inter-superstructure) deck for third-class passengers 15 m long. On deck “D” there was another, isolated, third-class promenade deck. Along the entire length of deck "E" were the cabins of passengers of the first and second classes, as well as the cabins of the stewards and mechanics. In the first part of deck "F" there were 64 second-class cabins and the main living quarters of third-class passengers, stretching for 45 m and occupying the entire width of the liner.
There were two large salons, a dining room for third-class passengers, ship's laundries, a swimming pool and Turkish baths. Deck "G" captured only the bow and stern, between which the boiler rooms were located. The forward part of the deck, 58 m long, was 2 m above the waterline, gradually lowered towards the center of the liner and at the opposite end was already at the level of the waterline. There were 26 cabins for 106 third-class passengers, the rest of the area was occupied luggage compartment for first class passengers, ship's mail and a ballroom. Behind the bow of the deck there were coal bunkers, which occupied 6 watertight compartments around the chimneys, followed by 2 compartments with steam pipes for reciprocating steam engines and a turbine compartment. Then followed aft decks 64 m long with warehouses, pantries and 60 cabins for 186 passengers of the third class, which was already below the waterline.

Masts
One was aft, the other was on the forecastle, each was steel with a teak top. On the front, at a height of 29 m from the waterline, there was a mars platform (“crow's nest”), which could be reached by an internal metal ladder.

Service premises
In front of the boat deck there was a navigation bridge, 58 m away from the bow. On the bridge there was a wheelhouse with a steering wheel and a compass, immediately behind it was a room where navigation charts were stored. To the right of the wheelhouse were the navigational cabin, the captain's cabin and part of the officers' cabins, to the left - the rest of the officers' cabins. Behind them, behind the front funnel, was the cabin of the radiotelegraph and the cabin of the radio operator. In front of deck "D" there were living quarters for 108 stokers, a special spiral ladder connected this deck directly to the boiler rooms, so that the stokers could leave for work and return without passing by the cabins or saloons for passengers. In front of deck "E" there were living quarters for 72 loaders and 44 sailors. In the first part of the "F" deck there were quarters of 53 stokers of the third shift. Deck G contained quarters for 45 stokers and oilers.

Size comparison of the Titanic with modern cruise ship Queen Mary 2, A-380 aircraft, bus, car and person

Second bottom
The second bottom was located about one and a half meters above the keel and occupied 9/10 of the ship's length, not capturing only small areas in the bow and stern. On the second day, boilers, reciprocating steam engines, a steam turbine and electric generators were installed, all firmly fixed on steel plates, the remaining space was used for cargo, coal and drinking water tanks. In the engine room section, the second bottom rose 2.1 m above the keel, which increased the protection of the liner in case of damage to the outer skin.

Power point
The registered power of steam engines and turbines was 50 thousand liters. with. (actually 55 thousand hp). The turbine was located in the fifth watertight compartment in the stern of the liner, in the next compartment, closer to the bow, steam engines were located, the other 6 compartments were occupied by twenty-four double-flow and five single-flow boilers that produced steam for the main machines, turbines, generators and auxiliary mechanisms. The diameter of each boiler was 4.79 m, the length of the double-flow boiler was 6.08 m, the single-flow boiler was 3.57 m. Each double-flow boiler had 6 fireboxes, and the single-flow boiler had 3. In addition, the Titanic was equipped with four auxiliary machines with generators, each with a capacity of 400 kilowatts, producing a current of 100 volts. Next to them were two more 30-kilowatt generators.

Pipes
The liner had 4 tubes. The diameter of each was 7.3 m, height - 18.5 m. The first three removed smoke from the boiler furnaces, the fourth, located above the turbine compartment, served as an exhaust fan, a chimney for ship kitchens was connected to it. A longitudinal section of the vessel is presented on its model exhibited at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, where it is clearly seen that the last pipe was not connected to the fireboxes. There is an opinion that when designing the vessel, the widespread opinion of the public was taken into account that the solidity and reliability of the vessel directly depends on the number of its pipes. It also follows from the literature that in the last moments of the ship leaving the water almost vertically, its fake pipe fell off its place and, falling into the water, killed a large number of passengers and crew members in the water.

Electrical supply
10 thousand light bulbs, 562 electric heaters were connected to the distribution network, mainly in first-class cabins, 153 electric motors, including electric drives for eight cranes with a total capacity of 18 tons, 4 cargo winches with a capacity of 750 kg, 4 elevators, each for 12 people, and great amount phones. In addition, electricity was consumed by fans in the boiler and engine rooms, apparatus in the gym, dozens of machines and appliances in the kitchens, including refrigerators.

Connection
The telephone exchange serviced 50 lines. The radio equipment on the liner was the most modern, the power of the main transmitter was 5 kilowatts, the power came from an electric generator. The second, an emergency transmitter, was powered by batteries. 4 antennas were strung between the two masts, some up to 75 m high. The guaranteed range of the radio signal was 250 miles. During the day, under favorable conditions, communication was possible at a distance of up to 400 miles, and at night - up to 2000.
Radio equipment came on board on April 2 from Marconi, which by that time had monopolized the radio industry in Italy and England. Two young radio officer officers assembled and installed the station all day, for verification, a test connection was immediately made with the coast station at Malin Head, on the north coast of Ireland, and with Liverpool. On April 3, the radio equipment worked like clockwork, on this day a connection was established with the island of Tenerife at a distance of 2000 miles and with Port Said in Egypt (3000 miles). In January 1912, the Titanic was assigned radio call signs "MUC", then they were replaced by "MGY", previously owned by the American ship Yale. As the dominant radio company, Marconi introduced its own radio call signs, most of which began with the letter "M", regardless of its location and the country of home of the vessel on which it was installed.

clash

The iceberg believed to have hit the Titanic

Recognizing an iceberg in a light haze, the forward looking Fleet warned “there is ice in front of us” and struck the bell three times, which meant an obstacle straight ahead, after which he rushed to the telephone connecting the “crow’s nest” with the bridge. Moody's sixth mate, who was on the bridge, responded almost immediately and heard a cry of "ice right ahead". With a polite thank you, Moody turned to the officer of the watch, Murdoch, and repeated the warning. He rushed to the telegraph, put his handle on "stop" and shouted "rudder right", at the same time transmitting the order "full back" to the engine room. According to the terminology of 1912, "rudder right" meant turning the ship's stern to the right, and the bow to the left. The steersman, Robert Hitchens, leaned on the handle of the steering wheel and quickly turned it counterclockwise to the stop, after which Murdoch was told "rudder to the right, sir." At that moment, Alfred Oliver, the helmsman of the watch, and Boxhall, who was in the chart house, came running to the bridge when the bells rang out in the "crow's nest". Murdoch pulled the lever, which included the closing of watertight doors in the bulkheads of the boiler rooms and the engine room, and immediately gave the order "left rudder!"

lifeboats
There were 2,208 people on board the Titanic, but the total capacity of the lifeboats was only 1,178 people. The reason was that, according to the rules then in force, the total capacity of lifeboats depended on the tonnage of the ship, and not on the number of passengers and crew members. The rules were drawn up in 1894, when the most large ships had a displacement of about 10,000 tons. The displacement of the Titanic was 46,328 tons.
But even these boats were only partially filled. Captain Smith gave the order or instruction "women and children first". The officers interpreted this order in different ways. Second mate Lightoller, who commanded the launching of the boats on the port side, allowed the men to take places in the boats only if rowers were needed and under no other circumstances. First mate Murdoch, who commanded the launch of the boats on the starboard side, allowed the men to go down if there were no women and children. So, in boat number 1, only 12 seats out of 40 were occupied. In addition, at first, many passengers did not want to take seats in boats, because the Titanic, which had no external damage, seemed safer to them. The last boats filled better, because it was already obvious to the passengers that the Titanic would sink. In the very last boat, 44 seats out of 47 were occupied. But in the sixteenth boat that left the side there were many empty seats, passengers of the 1st class were saved in it.
As a result of the analysis of the operation to rescue people from the Titanic, it is concluded that with adequate actions by the team of victims, there would have been at least 553 fewer people. The reason for the low survival rate of passengers on the ship is the installation given by the captain to save, first of all, women and children, and not all passengers; the interest of the crew in this order of boarding the boats. By preventing male passengers from accessing the boats, the men from the crew got the opportunity to take places in the half-empty boats themselves, covering their interests with the “noble motives” of caring for women and children. In the event that all passengers, men and women, took their places in the boats, the men from the crew would not get into them and their chances of salvation would be equal to zero, and the crew could not help but understand this. The men from the crew occupied part of the seats in almost all boats during the evacuation from the ship, on average 10 people from the crew per 1 boat. 24% of the crew were saved, about the same as 3rd class passengers were saved (25%). The team had no reason to consider their duty fulfilled - most of the passengers remained on the ship with no hope of salvation, even the order to save women and children in the first place was not fulfilled (several dozen children, and more than a hundred women never got into the boats).
The report of the British Commission on the results of the investigation into the circumstances of the sinking of the Titanic states that "if the boats had been delayed a little longer before launching, or if the doors of the passage had been opened for passengers, more of them could have got on the boats." The reason for the low survival rate of class 3 passengers with a high degree of probability can be considered the obstacles placed by the crew for the passage of passengers to the deck, the closing of the passage doors. Comparison of the results of the evacuation from the Titanic with the results of the evacuation from the Lusitania (1915) shows that the evacuation operation on ships like the Titanic and Lusitania can be organized without a disproportion in the percentage of survivors depending on the sex or class of passengers.
People in boats, as a rule, did not save those who were in the water. On the contrary, they tried to sail as far as possible from the wreck, fearing that those in the water would capsize their boats or be sucked into the funnel from a sinking ship. Only 6 people were picked up alive from the water.

Official data on the number of dead and rescued

Category	Percentage rescued	Percentage of dead	Number of rescued	Number of dead	How much was
Children, first grade	100.0	00.0	6	0	6
Children, second grade	100.0	00.0	24	0	24
Women, first class	97.22	02.78	140	4	144
Women, crew	86.96	13.04	20	3	23
Women, second class	86.02	13.98	80	13	93
Women third grade	46.06	53.94	76	89	165
Children, third grade	34.18	65.82	27	52	79
Men, first class	32.57	67.43	57	118	175
men, crew	21.69	78.31	192	693	885
Men, third grade	16.23	83.77	75	387	462
Men, second class	8.33	91.67	14	154	168
Total	31.97	68.03	711	1513	2224

The path of the Titanic and the place of its crash.

Chronology
The path of the Titanic and the place of its crash.

April 10, 1912
- 12:00 - "Titanic" departs from the quay wall of the Southampton port and narrowly avoids a collision with the American liner "New York".
-19:00 stop in Cherbourg (France) to pick up passengers and mail.
-21:00 - The Titanic left Cherbourg and headed for Queenstown (Ireland).

April 11, 1912
-12:30 - stop in Queenstown to pick up passengers and mail; one member of the crew deserts from the Titanic.
-14:00 - The Titanic departs Queenstown with 1,316 passengers and 891 crew members on board.

April 14, 1912
-09:00 - "Caronia" reports ice in the region of 42 ° north latitude, 49-51 ° west longitude.
-13:42 - "Baltik" reports the presence of ice in the area of ​​41°51' north latitude, 49°52' west longitude.
-13:45 - "America" ​​reports ice in the region of 41°27'N, 50°8'W.
-19:00 - air temperature 43 ° Fahrenheit (6 ° C).
-19:30 - air temperature 39 ° Fahrenheit (3.9 ° C).
-19:30 - Californian reports ice at 42°3'N, 49°9'W.
-21:00 - air temperature 33 ° Fahrenheit (0.6 ° C).
-21:30 - the second officer Lightoller warns the ship's carpenter and watchmen in the engine room that it is necessary to monitor the fresh water system - the water in the pipelines may freeze; he tells the lookout to watch the appearance of ice.
-21:40 - "Mesaba" reports ice in the region of 42°-41°25' north latitude, 49°-50°30' west longitude.
-22:00 - Air temperature 32° Fahrenheit (0 °C).
-22:30 - temperature sea ​​water dropped to 31° Fahrenheit (−0.56°C).
-23:00 - The Californian warns of the presence of ice, but the Titanic's radio operator cuts off the radio traffic before the Californian manages to report the coordinates of the area.
-23:40 - At a point with coordinates 41 ° 46' north latitude, 50 ° 14' west longitude (later it turned out that these coordinates were calculated incorrectly), an iceberg was noticed at a distance of about 450 meters straight ahead. Despite the maneuver, after 39 seconds, the underwater part of the ship touched, and the ship's hull received numerous small holes for a length of about 100 meters. Of the 16 watertight compartments of the vessel, 6 were cut through (in the sixth, the leak was extremely insignificant).
April 15, 1912
-00:05 - an order was given to uncover lifeboats and call crew members and passengers to muster points.
-00:15 - the first radiotelegraph signal for help was transmitted from the Titanic.
-00:45 - the first flare was fired, and the first lifeboat (No. 7) was launched.
-01:15 - Class 3 passengers are allowed on deck.
-01:40 - the last flare was fired.
-02:05 - the last lifeboat is launched.
-02:10 - the last radiotelegraph signals were transmitted.
-02:17 - Electric lighting goes out.
-02:18 - "Titanic" breaks into three parts
-02:20 - Titanic sank.
-03:30 - flares fired from the Carpathia are noticed in lifeboats.
-04:10 - "Carpathia" picked up the first lifeboat from the "Titanic" (boat number 2).

Lifeboat "Titanic", filmed by one of the passengers of the "Carpathia"

-08:30 - Carpathia picked up the last (No. 12) lifeboat from the Titanic.
-08:50 - Carpathia, taking on board 704 people who escaped from the Titanic, heads for New York.

O terrible death luxury liner Titanic in the waters Atlantic Ocean everyone knows. Hundreds of people distraught with fear, heart-rending female cries and children's crying. 3rd class passengers buried alive at the bottom of the ocean - this is on lower deck and millionaires choosing best places in half-empty lifeboats - on the upper, prestigious deck of the ship. But only a select few knew that the sinking of the Titanic was planned, and the death of hundreds of women and children was another fact in a cynical political game.

April 10, 1912 Port of Southampton, England. Thousands of people in the port of Southampton gathered to see the liner Titanic, on board of which 2000 lucky people went on a romantic trip across the Atlantic. The cream of society gathered on the passenger deck - mining magnate Benjamin Guggenheim, millionaire John Astor, actress Dorothy Gibson. Not everyone could afford to buy a first class ticket for $3,300 at the prices of that time, or $60,000 at the prices of today. Passengers of the 3rd class paid only 35 dollars (650 dollars in terms of our money), therefore they lived on the third deck, not having the right to go upstairs, where the millionaires were accommodated.

Tragedy Titanic still remains the largest peacetime maritime disaster. The circumstances of the death of 1,500 people are still shrouded in mystery.

The archives of the British Navy confirm that for some reason there were half as many boats on the Titanic as needed, and the captain knew even before the collision that there would not be enough seats for all the passengers.

The crew of the ship ordered first to rescue passengers of the 1st class. Bruce Ismay was one of the first people to board a lifeboat. CEO company " White star line ", which belonged Titanic. The boat in which Ismay sat was designed for 40 people, but she left the side with only twelve.

The lower deck, where there were 1,500 people, was ordered to be locked so that third-class passengers would not burst upstairs to the boats. Panic broke out below. People saw how water began to flow into the cabins, but the captain had an order to save rich passengers. The order - only women and children, was made much later, and according to experts, the sailors were primarily interested in this, since in this case they became rowers on boats and they had a chance of salvation.

Many passengers of the second and third classes, without waiting for the boats, threw themselves overboard in life jackets. In a panic, few people understood that it is almost impossible to survive in icy water.

sinking of the titanic

In the list of passengers of the third class, which only recently became public, the name of Winni Goutts (Winnie Couts), a modest Englishwoman with two sons, appears. In New York, the woman was waiting for her husband, who a few months earlier got a job in America. It will seem incredible, but 88 years later, on February 3, 1990, Icelandic fishermen picked up a woman with that name on the shore. Wet, frozen in tattered clothes, she cried and screamed that she was a passenger Titanic and her name is Winnie Couts. The woman was taken to a psychiatric hospital and for a long time was mistaken for a madwoman, until one of the journalists found her name in the handwritten lists of Titanic passengers. She described the chronology of events in detail and never got confused. The mystics immediately put forward their version - they fell into the so-called space-time trap.

After the declassification of the archives Investigation into the death of 1,500 passengers on the Titanic» On July 20, 2008, the Senate Commission of Inquiry learned that on the night of the disaster, almost 200 passengers managed to board boats and sail away from the sinking ship. Some of them describe a strange phenomenon. At about one in the morning, passengers saw a large luminous object near the liner. The men thought that these were the lights of another ship. R.M.S. Carpathia", which can save them. About 10 boats sailed to this light, but after half an hour the lights went out. It turned out that there was no ship nearby, and the liner " R.M.S. Carpathia Came only after 1 hour. Many eyewitnesses described strange lights observed near the site. wreck of the titanic. These testimonies were classified.

Anomalous events around sinking of the Titanic have been carefully hidden for a long time. It is known that no one could officially confirm the identity of Winnie Couts.

In the ranking of the largest maritime disasters XX century published by a popular Internet publication Titanic occupies by no means the last place. However, in the column "Cause of death - a collision with an iceberg", it appears in this list only once. The first and last case in the history of navigation when a ship sank due to a collision with an iceberg. Moreover, the consequences of the collision are comparable to the results of a major military operation. What is this?

The official version of the disaster says that Titanic collided with a black iceberg that had recently capsized in the water and was therefore invisible against the night sky. No one has ever wondered why the iceberg was black. Forward looking officer Frederick Fleet, a few seconds before the collision, saw some huge dark mass and heard a strange, very loud rattle coming from under the water, not like the sound of contact with an iceberg.

After 80 years, Russian researchers descended to the Titanic for the first time and confirmed that the ship's hull had indeed been cut. Why did the lookouts not notice anything in advance. This is surprising, but they did not have binoculars, that is, formally they were in the safe, but the key to it mysteriously disappeared. And one more strange detail - Titanic the most perfect of the beginning of the 20th century was not equipped with searchlights. Such carelessness looks, at least, strange, because on Titanic telegrams came in all day warning of icebergs plying in the area.

After weighing all the events and facts, it seems that the Titanic disaster was prepared on purpose, but who benefited from the death Titanic and why hundreds of innocent people were drowned. It was clear to the people behind the largest catastrophe of the century that not everyone would believe in a collision with an iceberg. Until now, we are offered many versions to choose from, whoever likes what.

For example, in order to receive an insurance payment, they flooded not Titanic, and the same type of passenger ship Olympic, which was operated for a long time and by 1912 was pretty dilapidated. But in 1995, Russian scientists refuted this assumption with the help of remote-controlled modules introduced inside the sunken ship. It has been proven that it is not the Olympic that lies at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.

Then a version was thrown into print that Titanic sank in pursuit of the prestigious Blue Ribbon of the Atlantic award. Allegedly, the captain wanted to arrive at the port of New York a day ahead of schedule in order to receive the prize. Because of this, the ship was moving in a dangerous area at maximum speed. The authors of this version completely overlooked the fact that Titanic just technically could not reach the speed of 26 knots, at which the previous record was set.

They also talked about the mistake of the helmsman, who misunderstood the captain's order, and being in a stressful situation, put the steering wheel in the wrong direction.

Maybe Titanic was hit by a torpedo from a German submarine and this disaster actually became the first episode of the First World War. Numerous underwater studies subsequently did not find even indirect signs of a possible torpedo hit, so the fire became the most plausible version of the death of the Titanic.

On the eve of departure, a fire broke out in the hold of the liner, where coal was stored. They tried to put it out, but not successfully. The richest people of that time, cinema stars, the press, an orchestra were already gathered on the pier. The flight could not be cancelled. The owner of the ship, Bruce Ismay, decided to go to New York and try to put out the fire along the way. That is why the captain drove at full speed, fearing with all his might that the ship was about to explode and ignored the message about icebergs.

Another oddity is the owner of the company " White Star Line", which belonged Titanic multimillionaire John Pierpont Morgan, Jr., canceled his ticket 24 hours before departure and removed the famous collection of paintings from the flight, which he was going to take to New York. In addition to Morgan, another 55 first-class passengers refused to travel on the Titanic in just one day, mostly partners and acquaintances of the millionaire - John Rockefeller, Henry Frick, US Ambassador to France Alfred Vandelfield. Previously, this fact was not given almost any importance, but only recently scientists compared certain facts and came to the conclusion that the Titanic was the first major catastrophe aimed at establishing world domination.

Billionaires rule the world, whose goal is unlimited power. The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the attack on the Twin Towers of the World shopping center- links of one chain. The sinking of the Titanic not the first and not the last planned disaster. But why did the world government decide to flood Titanic. The answer is to be found in the events of the early 20th century. It was during these years that the sharp growth of industry began - the gasoline engine, the incredible development of aviation, industrialization, the use of electricity in all industries, the experiments of Nikola Tesla, and so on. World financial leaders understood scientific and technological progress, which could soon blow up the world order on planet Earth. John Rockefeller, John Pierpont Morgan, Karl Mayer Rothschild, Henry Ford, who are the world government, understood - after rapid growth Industries will begin to develop countries that, in their world concept, were assigned the role of only raw material appendages, and then the redistribution of property on the planet will begin, and control over the processes taking place in the world will be lost.

Every year the socialists declared themselves more and more, trade unions gained strength, crowds of protesters demanded freedom and independence. And then it was decided to remind humanity who is the boss in the world.

In the mid-90s, Russian scientists dived to the Titanic and took samples of the metal, which was then analyzed by specialists from the American Institute. The results were truly stunning - by the sulfur content, it was found that it was an ordinary metal. And later studies showed that the metal was not just the same as on other ships, it was of much worse quality, and in icy water it generally turned into a very fragile material. In the autumn of 1993, an event occurred that put an end to the study of the causes of death Titanic. At the New York Conference of American shipbuilding experts, the results of an independent analysis of the causes of the disaster were announced. Experts say they don't understand why such poor quality steel was used for the hull of the world's most expensive ship. In cold water, the hull of the Titanic cracked at the first impact on an insignificant obstacle, while high-quality steel only deforms.

Experts believed that in this way the owners of the shipbuilding company were trying to save money, but it never occurred to anyone to ask why the billionaire owners of the ship cut costs, endangering their own safety. And everything is quite logical, it was a real diversion. Fragile metal, cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean and dangerous route. It only remained to wait for the SOS signal from the crashed Titanic. During the investigation of the circumstances of the disaster, the US Judicial Commission proved that the northern route that the Titanic was on was chosen by order of Bruce Ismay. He was on board the ship, but was one of the first to be evacuated and safely waited for the arrival. R.M.S. Carpathia", which also belonged to the company" White Star Line” and was specially located nearby to save wealthy passengers. But " R.M.S. Carpathia"an order was given, is not too close, because the disaster was supposed to be a frightening action for the whole world.

Now we can say with certainty sinking of the titanic it was an elaborate propaganda move. Millions of people around the world were shocked by the fate of third-class passengers buried alive, they remained immured in their cabins.

In the eyes of the world government, third-class passengers are you and me - Russia, China, Ukraine and the Middle East, and in December 2012 they are preparing a new act of intimidation for us, but which one. It remains only to wait, and not for long.

Watch National Geographic's reconstruction of the sinking of the Titanic

1. 3 million rivets were used to build the Titanic, most of which were handmade.

2. It took 23 tons of fat, locomotive oil and liquid soap to lubricate the guide rails to launch the ship.

3. The designers considered the liner unsinkable. The double bottom and 16 watertight bulkheads were know-how for that time. However, the designers did not know how penetrating an iceberg could be.

4. On the Titanic, there was no such simple thing as binoculars. The captain fired his second mate, Blair, who, in retaliation, stole the keys to the safe, which contained binoculars for lookouts.

5. The shipwreck happened on April 14, 1912. Events are recreated to the smallest detail. From the very morning, ten times the crews of other liners transmitted reports that icebergs were already nearby, but the Titanic ignored these warnings. The last report was received on the Titanic 40 minutes before the collision. But the radio operator of the Titanic did not even listen to the message and cut off the connection.

6. Many celebrities of that time were on the liner. Among them, for example, was the millionaire and feminist Margaret Brown. She was famous for knowing five languages ​​and swearing at them like a shoemaker. After the collision with the iceberg, Margaret helped to seat people on the boats, but she herself was in no hurry to leave the ship. Finally, someone pushed her into a boat by force and sent her out to sea. Having reached another ship, the Carpathia, Margaret immediately began looking for blankets and food for the victims, compiled lists of survivors, and collected money. By the time the Carpathia arrived at the port, she had raised $10,000 for the survivors.

7. Another famous Titanic passenger, businessman Benjamin Guggenheim, put his companion in a lifeboat. He assured her that they would see each other soon, although he knew that the situation was hopeless. Together with the valet, he returned to the cabin and changed into a tailcoat, and then sat down at a table in the central hall and began to drink whiskey. When someone suggested that they still try to escape, Guggenheim replied: "We are dressed in accordance with our position and are ready to die like gentlemen."

8. An outstanding ticket to the Titanic's launching ceremony went under the hammer at a London auction for $56,300. A menu from the ship with a list of 40 dishes was sold in New York for $31,300. Another similar menu in London sold for £76,000. The keys to the ship's quarters, which housed the lifeboat lanterns, also survived and were sold for £59,000.

9. The liner sank to the music. The orchestra to the last stood on the deck and played the church hymn "Nearer, Lord, to Thee."

10. Russian submersibles "Mir" in 1991 and 1995 sank to the ship, which is now at a depth of 3.8 kilometers. Then the devices shot a video that was included in the notorious film by James Cameron. This year, in honor of the centenary of the sinking of the liner, our submariners again promised to dive to the Titanic.

11. Unesco waited a hundred years to declare the wreckage of the Titanic an object cultural heritage. They have a special convention for such cases. Now UNESCO will ensure that items from the Titanic do not go to uncultured divers.

12. Released to celebrate the centenary, Titanic 3D has already grossed a whopping $17.4 million in the US. "Titanic" by James Cameron in 1997 was a phenomenal success and fees for those times are huge: $ 1.8 billion. It was only 12 years later that the movie "Avatar" managed to break this record.

13. The ill-fated black iceberg, or rather, its photograph, was found 90 years after the sinking of the Titanic. A few days after the tragedy, a certain Stefan Regorek from Bohemia on another liner sailed past the crash site and photographed the iceberg. After a thorough examination, it was proved that the vessel could well have made dents on the iceberg. So the ice block also suffered.

14. Jack Dawson, the hero of the very film that brought fame and fortune to Cameron, is a real character. True, Cameron later assured that he took the name from the ceiling and that this was a coincidence. However, the real Jack Dawson was a collier on the Titanic. True, he was in love not with the green-eyed Kate Winslet (she had not yet been born then), but with the sister of his friend, who persuaded him to become a sailor. In the end, of course, everyone died.

15. Legends still tell about the Titanic. For example, lovers of mysticism point out that in 1898 the writer Morgan Robertson wrote the novel "Vanity" - about a huge transatlantic liner and its complacent passengers. A lot of things coincide in the story, for example, the name of the ship - "Titan" - and a collision with an iceberg on a cold April night.

16. Another legend says that once every six years, radio operators catch the ghost signal SOS from the Titanic on the air. This was first announced by the crew of the battleship Theodore Roosevelt in 1972. The radio operator dug through the archives and found notes from his colleagues that they also received strange radio messages allegedly from the Titanic: in 1924, 1930, 1936 and 1942. In April 1996, the Canadian ship Quebec received an SOS signal from the Titanic.

17. Although official version says that the Titanic sank an iceberg, not everyone believes it. For example, some have claimed that the Titanic was sunk by a German torpedo fired by employees of the company that built the liner in order to obtain insurance. However, this sounds unconvincing, given how many employees of the company died on April 14, 1912.

18. The Titanic was not the only large liner White Star Line. The ship "Olympic" began to be built simultaneously with the "Titanic". In 1911, when leaving for the 11th voyage, the Olympic collided with the British cruiser Hawk. At the same time, the latter miraculously remained afloat, while the Olympic escaped with minor damage.

19. The Titanic's younger brother, the Britannic, was supposed to bear the name Gigantic, but after the crash of the first liner, the builders decided to moderate their ambitions. The Britannic was the most comfortable of the three ships, with two hairdressers, a children's playroom, and a second-class gymnasium. Unfortunately, passengers did not have time to appreciate the merits of the new liner. After the outbreak of the war, she was converted into a hospital ship and soon hit a mine near Greece. True, most of the people on board were saved.

20. The last passenger on the Titanic died in 2009 at the age of 97. At the time of the shipwreck, she was 2.5 months old.

It was interesting? Then read these articles. Your erudition will thank you. Telegram channel MAXIM: Reading

On the night of April 14, 1912, the largest and most luxurious liner in the history of mankind rushed to the shores at full speed. North America. Nothing foretold the death of the Titanic. On the upper deck, an orchestra was playing in an elegant restaurant. The richest and most successful people drank champagne and enjoyed the beautiful weather.

Nothing foretold trouble

A few minutes later, the sentinel spotted an iceberg. And a little later, the Titanic, a ship of gigantic proportions, will collide with a drifting iceberg, and after a while it will all be over. Thus begins the great mystery of the great ship. The next day, the sinking of the Titanic will become legend, and its history will be the greatest mystery of the 20th century.

international sensation

Already in the morning next day The office of the owner of the Titanic was stormed by dozens of newspaper reporters. They wanted to know the location of the sinking of the Titanic and demanded clarification. The relatives of the passengers on the ocean liner were outraged. A short telegram from Cape Reis reported: “At 23 o’clock local time, the most big ship The Titanic sent out a distress signal. The company's president, Laster Whites, reassured reporters: "The liner is unsinkable!" But the very next day, all the world's newspapers were full of sensational reports: “The world's safest Titanic (ship) sank in the icy abyss of the Atlantic Ocean. On the fifth day of his tragic flight the liner claimed 1513 human lives.

Disaster investigation

The sinking of the Titanic shook both sides of the Atlantic. The question of why the Titanic ended up at the bottom is haunted to this day. From the very beginning, people wanted to know in detail what was the reason for the sinking of the Titanic. But the court's decision read: "The liner hit an iceberg and went to the bottom."

The Titanic (the dimensions of the ship, by the way, were very impressive) died from a banal collision with a floating block of ice. It seemed incredible.

Alleged versions of the tragic death

The point in the history of this catastrophe has not yet been set so far. Fresh versions of the death of the Titanic arise even today, a century later. There are several possible hypotheses. Each of them deserves close attention. The first version says that another sunken liner lies on the Atlantic bottom. It sounds like science fiction, but it is this version of the death of the Titanic that has real grounds.

Some researchers argue that it is not the sunken ship Titanic that lies on the ocean floor, but its twin, the Olympic liner. The version seems fantastic, but it is not without evidence.

Great Britain ocean monster

On December 16, 1908, the firstborn was laid in Belfast - the Olympic steamer, later - the Titanic (the dimensions of the ship reached almost 270 meters in length) with a displacement of 66 thousand tons.

Until now, representatives of the shipyard consider it the most advanced project that has ever been implemented. The ship was as tall as an eleven-story building and spanned four small city blocks in length. This ocean monster was equipped with two 4-cylinder steam engines and a steam turbine.

Its power was 50,000 horsepower, 10,000 light bulbs, 153 electric motors, four elevators, each of which was designed for 12 people, were connected to the liner's electrical network, there were a large number of telephones. The ship was truly innovative for its time. Silent elevators, steam heating, winter Garden, several photo labs and even a hospital with an operating room.

Comfort and respectability

The interior decoration looked more like a fashionable palace than a ship. Passengers dined in a sumptuous Louis XVI-style restaurant and drank coffee on a sun-drenched veranda lined with climbing plants. Bridge parts were played in spacious halls, and elite cigars were smoked in soft smoking rooms.

The Titanic had a rich library, a gym and even a swimming pool. A business class ticket to the Titanic would cost $55,000 these days. The liner became the flagship of the White Star Line.

Pretty much the same in terms of comfort technical specifications the liner "Olympic" lost the championship without a fight. It was he who was supposed to become the star of transatlantic flights. But frequent accidents made him an outsider, and endless penalties, litigation and repair costs only added to the headaches for managers.

Unsolved version

The decision was obvious: to send instead of the battered "Olympic", which had no insurance policy, the new insured Titanic. The history of the ship "Olympic" was very unpresentable. However, just by changing the plates on the liners, similar as two drops of water, several problems could be solved at once. The main thing is the payment of insurance in the amount of one million pounds sterling, which could improve the financial affairs of the company.

Small accident, big money, it's done. People should not have suffered, because the liner is unsinkable. In the event of an accident, the ship will drift, and ships passing by along the busy ocean route will pick up all the passengers.

Strange passenger behavior

Main real proof This unprecedented scam is considered the refusal of travel by 55 first-class passengers. Among those who remained on the shore were:

• John Morgan, owner of the liner.
• Henry Frick, steel magnate and partner.
• Robert Breccon, US Ambassador to France.
• The famous rich man George Vanderbilt.

The mystery of the death of the Titanic has an indirect confirmation of the version of the insurance scam, namely the strange behavior of Captain Edward Smith, who, by the way, was the captain of the Olympic during its first voyages.

The last captain

Edward Smith was considered one of the best commanders of his time. Working for the White Star Line, he received about 1,200 pounds a year. Other captains did not earn even half of this money. However, Smith's career was far from rosy. Many times the ships that he managed got into all sorts of accidents, ran aground or burned.

It was Edward Smith who commanded the Olympic in 1911, when the uninsured ocean liner had several serious accidents. But Smith managed not only to escape punishment, but even to get promoted.

He became the captain of the Titanic. Could the company's management, knowing about the captain's previous mistakes, assign him to the Titanic, and even just one flight? Could she use compromising evidence on the captain, so that in case of disobedience with a scandal, she could fire the person who brought the company huge losses?

Perhaps the captain chose between a shameful write-off on the shore just before retirement and participation in a scam invented by his superiors. This was last flight for Edward Smith.

What was the first mate thinking?

Another inexplicable mystery of the death of the Titanic is the strange behavior of William Murdoch, the first mate. Murdoch was on duty the night of the accident. When he received a message about an impending iceberg, he gave the order to direct the ship to the left and reverse, which is strictly prohibited.

Is it possible that the first mate made a mistake and this is the reason for the death of the Titanic? But Murdoch had already encountered a similar situation and always did the right thing, directing the ship with its bow to an obstacle. In all sailing textbooks, this maneuver is described as the only correct one in this situation.

On that last voyage for the Titanic, the chief mate acted differently. As a result, the main blow fell not on the bow, where the ship has the strongest place, but on its side. Almost a hundred meters of the starboard side opened like a tin can.

The Titanic, whose death story is described in less than ten seconds, was practically dead. That is how long it took to pass the death sentence on the largest and most beautiful ship in the world. Why did Murdoch make a fatal mistake? If we assume that he, too, was in collusion, then the answer to the death of the Titanic is by itself.

What were the owners of the liner hiding?

Today, it is impossible to prove the version of the insurance scam, the White Star Line company was closed, the Olympic ship was scrapped, and all the documentation was destroyed. But even if we assume that the death of the Titanic was not rigged, it certainly was not without human error.

Mystery box key

Many years have passed since the sinking of the Titanic. The history of the ship, however, was continued in 1997, when a key was sold at a London auction for one hundred thousand pounds. He opened only one box on the Titanic, but it was this key that was not on board that fateful night. A chain of strange circumstances, a series of fatal coincidences and simply human negligence accompanied the superliner from the very beginning to the end of its first and last flight.

Well, the item sold for fabulous money at the London auction was the usual key to an ordinary box. It contained the only equipment with which it was possible to recognize the danger threatening the ship - binoculars.

Forgetful XO

The thing is that locators appeared only in the 30s of the last century. And at that time, its functions were performed by the human eye. From the very high point on the ship, the sailor constantly looked forward along the course of the ship. The liner weighing 66 thousand tons, traveling at a speed of 45 km / h, has very low controllability, and the sooner the lookout notices the danger, the more likely it is to avoid it. Ordinary binoculars were the only help.

Starpom Blair, for unknown reasons, was removed from the ship at the last moment. Frustrated, he simply forgot to give the shifter the key to the box where the binoculars were kept.

Encounter with an unusual iceberg

Forward looking had to rely only on their own vigilance. They noticed the iceberg too late, when it was almost impossible to change the situation. In addition, this iceberg was different from the others, it was black.

During the drift, a huge block of ice melted and turned over. An iceberg that has absorbed tons of water has turned dark. It was incredibly difficult to spot him. If that fatal iceberg for the Titanic had been white, perhaps the sentinels would have seen it much earlier. Especially if they had binoculars.

"Titanic": the story of death, the beginning of events

But the strangest thing is that the command of the ship could have learned about the possibility of a collision with an iceberg much earlier than the forward lookers reported it.

Radio operators, the voice and hearing of the Titanic, repeatedly received reports of ice floes drifting in the area. An hour before the lookout spotted the iceberg, the radio operator on the steamship California warned of the potential danger. But on the Titanic, the connection was rudely cut off.

Even earlier, a few hours before the collision, Captain Edward Smith personally read three telegrams warning of ice floes. But they were all ignored.

Officer Murdoch could interrupt the chain of human miscalculations by giving the fatal order: “Full back! Left hand drive." In the event of a head-on collision of the Titanic with an iceberg, there would be much more time for the evacuation of passengers. Perhaps the ship could keep afloat.

human negligence

Further errors followed one after another. The evacuation order was issued only 45 minutes after the collision. Passengers were asked to put on life belts and gather on the upper deck near the boats. And then it suddenly turned out that there were only twenty boats on the Titanic, which could accommodate no more than 1300 people, 48 lifebuoys and cork vests for each passenger and crew members.

However, the vests were useless for northern regions Atlantic. A person who fell into cold water died from hypothermia in half an hour.

Prophetic predictions of a science fiction writer

Immediately after the disaster, the whole world was shocked by an incredible coincidence. The date of the sinking of the Titanic is April 15, 1912. And fourteen years before the tragedy, an unknown London journalist Morgan Robertson finished his new novel. The science fiction writer spoke of the journey and the death of the huge transatlantic liner Titan: “On a cold April night at full speed, the ship ran into an iceberg and sank.” Moreover, the science fiction writer accurately indicated the place of the sinking of the Titanic.

The novel turned out to be prophetic, and the science fiction writer was dubbed Nostradamus of the 20th century. Indeed, there were many coincidences in the book: the displacement of the ship, its maximum speed, and even the number of propellers and lifeboats.

Moreover, a few years later, the writer published his new novel, in which he predicted a war in the United States and Japan.

Another coincidence: a copy of the book about the ship "Titan" was on the ship with one fireman. The sailor read it in the first days of the voyage, and the plot impressed him so much that he simply ran away in one of the ports. And this was not the only crew member who escaped from the Titanic.

It remains a mystery whether everyone who escaped had read the book before, or whether they had better reasons.

Eyewitness accounts of the tragedy

Immediately after the sinking of the Titanic, special commissions were set up in England and the United States to investigate its causes. The surviving passengers talked about the loud bang that they heard after the collision with the iceberg. It was like an explosion. According to one version, a fire raged in the coal bunker of the liner.

Some researchers believe that it started even before the Titanic left the port, others are sure that the fire broke out during the voyage.

A bit of history

Britain was being transformed by the technological revolution. Starting from the 30s of the 19th century, steam-powered merchant ships began to cross the Atlantic. The technology proved promising, and the admiralty of the kingdom concluded that steam would render the sailing fleet obsolete.

When reports appeared in London that a steam engine was already being tested in France, which had also entered the struggle for naval dominance, the British had no choice but to accept the challenge. At first, large paddle wheels were used, which were installed on opposite sides of the sides.

For the first time, a replacement for the paddle wheel appeared about ten years later, in the 40s of the 19th century. Shipbuilders came to the conclusion that the propeller is much more efficient than the wheel. Only after its invention and placement under the bottom of the ship did steam traction become a decisive advantage.

But in most cases it remained experimental developments, sometimes the innovation was used on warships. Steam engines became widespread only in the 20th century, and coal was the only fuel for a long time. In the future, the transition from coal to fuel oil will be a step to the next level of development.

But in the days of the Olympic-class superliners, ships powered by internal combustion engines were as rare as the steam engine of the first half of the 19th century. Be that as it may, the fire on board should not have affected the life of the ship and its passengers. There could not be any emergencies on the liner, this is the Titanic.

Further developments

Captain Smith ordered to localize the bunker in which the fire was raging. Due to the lack of oxygen, the fire should have died out, the problem would have resolved itself. A fire on board is a good enough reason to drive the liner to the nearest port with all your might. But when the Titanic hit the iceberg, it ripped open the skin of the ship, and oxygen got into the bunker. There was a powerful explosion.

Many years later, after an underwater study of the remains of the ship, this version had additional arguments. A huge fault passes exactly where the coal compartments were.

For the first time, the version of the fire appeared on the pages of American newspapers even before the surviving passengers and crew members of the Titanic were taken to New York. Not having factual material, but using only rumors, the newspapermen composed the most incredible stories about the tragedy.

In any case, when the stokers were interrogated, they denied the fact of a fire, although it would seem that after the disaster they had nothing to hide. On the other hand, according to some accounts, Captain Smith went down to the boiler room and ordered everyone to be silent about the burning coal.

What actually happened to the giant liner, we do not yet know. The Titanic, whose sinking story has become the subject of documentaries and feature films, will always be of interest to future generations.

New version of the death of the liner

The nature of the Titanic's fault not only fuels the version of the fire in the hold, but also allows some researchers to make an unexpected assumption.

The liner sank another ship. At the beginning of the 20th century, a new secret weapon was tested in the seas. Perhaps the Titanic was hit by a torpedo.

The version seems unusual, but the facts of the break and torn edges that could result from a torpedo attack make it serious. If the Titanic was torpedoed after all, one can only hope that someday researchers will get to that part of the ship, the study of which will help shed light on this version.

The date of the sinking of the Titanic is April 15, 1912. On this day, but in different years, the following disasters occurred:

• 1989 - stampede at the English stadium "Hillsborough".
• 2000 - a plane crash in the Philippines, 129 people became victims.
• 2002 - a plane crash in Korea that claimed 129 lives.

What tragic events will life bring us next time?

You have already read and heard about the Titanic many times. The history of the creation and crash of the liner is overgrown with rumors and myths. For more than 100 years, the British steamship has been haunting the minds of people trying to find the answer - why did the Titanic sink?

The history of the legendary liner is interesting for three reasons:

• it was the largest ship for 1912;
• the number of victims turned the catastrophe into a global failure;
• finally, James Cameron, with his film, singled out the history of the liner from general list maritime disasters, and there were quite a few of them.

We will tell you everything about the Titanic, as it was in reality. About how long the Titanic is in meters, how much the Titanic sank, and who was really behind the massive disaster.

Where did the Titanic sail from and to?

We know from Cameron's film that the liner was bound for New York. The American up-and-coming city was to be the final stop. But far from everyone knows for sure where the Titanic sailed from, considering that London was the starting point. The capital of Great Britain was not in the ranks of seaports, and therefore the steamer could not leave from there.

The fateful flight began from Southampton, a major English port, from where transatlantic flights ran. The path of the Titanic on the map clearly shows the movement. Southampton is both a port and a city located in the southern part of England (Hampshire).

See how the route of the Titanic ran on the map:

Dimensions of the Titanic in meters

To understand more about the Titanic, the causes of the disaster must be disclosed, starting with the dimensions of the ship.

How many meters is the Titanic in length and in other dimensions:

exact length - 299.1 m;

width - 28.19 m;

height from the keel - 53.3 m.

There is also such a question - how many decks did the Titanic have? Only 8. Boats were located on the top, therefore the upper deck was called the boat deck. The rest were distributed according to the letter designation.

A - deck I class. Its peculiarity is limited in size - it did not lie down the entire length of the vessel;

B - anchors were located in the front of the deck and its dimensions were also shorter - by 37 meters of deck C;

C - deck with a galley, a mess for the crew and a promenade for class III.

D - walking area;

E - cabins I, II classes;

F - cabins II and III classes;

G - deck with boiler rooms in the middle.

Finally, how much does the Titanic weigh? The displacement of the largest ship of the early 20th century is 52,310 tons.

Titanic: the story of the crash

What year did the Titanic sink? The famous disaster occurred on the night of April 14, 1912. It was the fifth day of the trip. Chronicles indicate that at 23:40 the liner survived a collision with an iceberg and after 2 hours 40 minutes (2:20 a.m.) it went under water.

Things from the Titanic: photo

Further investigations showed that the crew received 7 weather warnings, but this did not prevent the ship from reducing its speed limit. The iceberg was sighted directly ahead of us too late to take precautions. As a result - holes in the starboard side. Ice damaged 90 m of hull and 5 bow compartments. This was enough to sink the liner.

Tickets for the new liner were more expensive than for other ships. If a person was used to traveling in first class, then on the Titanic he would have to transfer to second class.

Edward Smith, the captain of the ship, began the evacuation after midnight: a distress call was sent, the attention of other ships was attracted by flares, lifeboats went to the water. But the rescue was slow and uncoordinated - there was an empty place in the boats while the Titanic was sinking, the water temperature did not rise above two degrees below zero, and the first steamer arrived in time only half an hour after the disaster.

Titanic: how many people died and survived

How many people survived on the Titanic? No one will say the exact data, as they could not say this on the fateful night. The list of Titanic passengers initially changed in practice, but not on paper: some canceled the trip at the time of departure and were not crossed out, others traveled anonymously under assumed names, and others were listed as dead on the Titanic several times.

Photos of the sinking of the Titanic

It is only approximately possible to say how many people drowned on the Titanic - about 1500 (minimum 1490 - maximum 1635). Among them was Edward Smith with some assistants, 8 musicians from the famous orchestra, large investors and businessmen.

Classiness was felt even after death - the bodies of the dead from the first class were embalmed and placed in coffins, the second and third classes were given bags and boxes. When the embalming agents ran out, the bodies of unknown third-class passengers were simply thrown into the water (according to the rules, unembalmed corpses could not be brought to the port).

The bodies were found within a radius of 80 km from the crash site, and due to the current of the Gulf Stream, many were dispersed even further.

Photos of dead people

Initially, it was known how many passengers were on the Titanic, although not completely:

crew of 900 people;

195 first class;

255 second class;

493 people of the third class.

Some passengers left at intermediate ports, some called. It is believed that the liner went to the fatal route with a staff of 1317 people, of which 124 are children.

Titanic: scuttling depth - 3750 m

The English steamer could accommodate 2,566 people, of which 1,034 seats were for first-class passengers. The half-load of the liner is due to the fact that transatlantic flights were not popular in April. At that time, a coal strike broke out, this disrupted coal supplies, schedules and changes in plans.

The question of how many people escaped from the Titanic was difficult to answer, because rescue operations were from different vessels, and slow communication did not provide fast data.

After the crash, only 2/3 of the delivered bodies were identified. Some were buried locally, the rest were sent home. In the disaster area, bodies in white vests were found for a long time. From 1500 dead people found only 333 bodies.

How deep is the Titanic

When answering the question about the depth at which the Titanic sank, one must remember about the pieces carried by the currents (by the way, they learned about this only in the 80s, before that it was believed that the liner sank to the bottom entirely). The wreckage of the liner on the night of the crash went at a depth of 3750 m. The bow was thrown 600 m from the stern.

The place where the Titanic sank, on the map:

In which ocean did the Titanic sink? - in the Atlantic.

Titanic lifted from the bottom of the ocean

They wanted to raise the ship from the moment of the crash. Initiative plans were put forward by relatives of the dead from the first class. But 1912 did not yet know the necessary technologies. The war, lack of knowledge and funds delayed the search for the sunken ship for a hundred years. Since 1985, 17 expeditions have been carried out, during which 5,000 items and large plating have been raised to the surface, but the ship itself has remained at the bottom of the ocean.

What does the Titanic look like now?

In the time since the crash, the ship has become covered in marine life. Rust, painstaking work of invertebrates and natural decomposition processes have changed the structures beyond recognition. By this time, the bodies had already completely decomposed, and by the 22nd century, only anchors and boilers would remain from the Titanic - the most massive metal structures.

Even now the interiors of the decks have been destroyed, the cabins and halls have collapsed.

Titanic, Britannic and Olympic

All three ships were manufactured by the Harland and Wolf shipbuilding company. Before the Titanic, the Olympic saw the world. It is easy to see a fatal predisposition in the fate of the three ships. The first liner was wrecked as a result of a collision with a cruiser. Not such a large-scale disaster, but still an impressive failure.

Then the story of the Titanic, which received a wide response in the world, and, finally, the Gigantic. They tried to make this ship especially durable, given the mistakes of previous liners. He was even launched into the water, but the First World War disrupted the plans. The giant became a hospital ship called the Britannic.

He then just managed to carry out 5 quiet flights, and on the sixth there was a disaster. Having been blown up by a German mine, the Britannic rapidly sank. The mistakes of the past and the preparedness of the captain made it possible to save the maximum number of people - 1036 out of 1066.

Is it possible to talk about evil fate, remembering the Titanic? The history of the creation and crash of the liner were studied in detail, the facts were revealed, even through time. And yet the truth is only now being revealed. The reason the Titanic is attracting attention is to hide its true motive - to create a currency system and destroy opponents.